Added URL-parser documentation (#909)

docs/website/docs/general-usage/data-enrichments/url-parser-data-enrichment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+---
+title:  URL-parser data enrichment
+description: Enriching the url with various parameters.
+keywords: [data enrichment, url parser, referer data enrichment]
+---
+
+# Data enrichment part three: URL parser data enrichment
+
+URL parser data enrichment is extracting various URL components to gain additional insights and
+context about the URL. This extracted information can be used for data analysis, marketing, SEO, and
+more.
+
+## URL parsing process
+
+Here is step-by-step process for URL parser data enrichment :
+
+1. Get the URL data that is needed to be parsed from a source or create one.
+1. Send the URL data to an API like [URL Parser API](https://urlparse.com/).
+1. Get the parsed URL data.
+1. Include metadata like conversion rate, date, and time.
+1. Save the updated dataset in a data warehouse or lake using a data pipeline.
+
+We use **[URL Parse API](https://urlparse.com/)** to extract the information about the URL. However,
+you can use any API you prefer.
+
+:::tip
+`URL Parse API` is free, with 1000 requests/hour limit, which can be increased on request.
+:::
+
+By default the URL Parse API will return a JSON response like:
+
+```text
+{
+    "authority": "urlparse.com",
+    "domain": "urlparse.com",
+    "domain_label": "urlparse",
+    "file": "/",
+    "fragment": null,
+    "host": "urlparse.com",
+    "href": "https://urlparse.com/",
+    "is_valid": true,
+    "origin": "https://urlparse.com",
+    "params": null,
+    "path": "/",
+    "port": null,
+    "query": null,
+    "request_url": "https://urlparse.com",
+    "scheme": "https",
+    "subdomains": null,
+    "tld": "com"
+}
+```
+
+## Creating data enrichment pipeline
+
+You can either follow the example in the linked Colab notebook or follow this documentation to
+create the URL-parser data enrichment pipeline.
+
+### A. Colab notebook
+
+This Colab notebook outlines a three-part data enrichment process for a sample dataset:
+
+- User-agent device data enrichment
+- Currency conversion data enrichment
+- URL-parser data enrichment
+
+This document focuses on the URL-Parser Data Enrichment (Part Three). For a comprehensive
+understanding, you may explore all three enrichments sequentially in the notebook:
+[Colab Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZKEkf1LRSld7CWQFS36fUXjhJKPAon7P?usp=sharing).
+
+### B. Create a pipeline
+
+Alternatively, to create a data enrichment pipeline, you can start by creating the following
+directory structure:
+
+```python
+url_parser_enrichment/
+├── .dlt/
+│   └── secrets.toml
+└── url_enrichment_pipeline.py
+```
+
+### 1. Creating resource
+
+`dlt` works on the principle of [sources](../../general-usage/source.md) and
+[resources.](../../general-usage/resource.md)
+
+This data resource yields data typical of what many web analytics and tracking tools can collect.
+However, the specifics of what data is collected and how it's used can vary significantly among
+different tracking services.
+
+Let's examine a synthetic dataset created for this article. It includes:
+
+- `user_id`: Web trackers typically assign unique ID to users for tracking their journeys and
+  interactions over time.
+
+- `device_name`: User device information helps in understanding the user base's device.
+
+- `page_refer`: The referer URL is tracked to analyze traffic sources and user navigation behavior.
+
+Here's the resource that yields the sample data as discussed above:
+
+```python
+  import dlt
+
+  @dlt.resource(write_disposition="append")
+  def tracked_data():
+  """
+  A generator function that yields a series of dictionaries, each representing
+  user tracking data.
+
+  This function is decorated with `dlt.resource` to integrate into the DLT (Data
+  Loading Tool) pipeline. The `write_disposition` parameter is set to "append" to
+  ensure that data from this generator is appended to the existing data in the
+  destination table.
+
+  Yields:
+      dict: A dictionary with keys 'user_id', 'device_name', and 'page_referer',
+      representing the user's tracking data including their device and the page
+      they were referred from.
+ """
+
+     # Sample data representing tracked user data
+     sample_data = [
+        {
+                "user_id": 1,
+                "device_name": "Sony Experia XZ",
+                "page_referer": "https://b2venture.lightning.force.com/"
+        },
+         """
+         Data for other users
+         """
+     ]
+
+     # Yielding each user's data as a dictionary
+     for user_data in sample_data:
+         yield user_data
+```
+
+### 2. Create `url_parser` function
+
+We use a free service called [URL Parse API](https://urlparse.com/), to parse the urls. You don’t
+need to register to use this service neither get an API key.
+
+1. Create a `url_parser` function as follows:
+   ```python
+   # @dlt.transformer(data_from=tracked_data)
+   def url_parser(record):
+       """
+       Send a URL to a parsing service and return the parsed data.
+
+       This function sends a URL to a specified API endpoint for URL parsing.
+
+       Parameters:
+       url (str): The URL to be parsed.
+
+       Returns:
+       dict: Parsed URL data in JSON format if the request is successful.
+       None: If the request fails (e.g., an invalid URL or server error).
+       """
+       # Define the API endpoint URL for the URL parsing service
+       api_url = "https://api.urlparse.com/v1/query"
+       url = record['page_referer']
+       # Send a POST request to the API with the URL to be parsed
+       response = requests.post(api_url, json={"url": url})
+
+       # Check if the response from the API is successful (HTTP status code 200)
+       if response.status_code == 200:
+           # If successful, return the parsed data in JSON format
+           return response.json()
+       else:
+           # If the request failed, print an error message with the status code and return None
+           print(f"Request for {url} failed with status code: {response.status_code}")
+           return None
+   ```
+
+### 3. Create your pipeline
+
+1. In creating the pipeline, the `url_parser` can be used in the following ways:
+
+   - Add map function
+   - Transformer function
+
+   The `dlt` library's `transformer` and `add_map` functions serve distinct purposes in data
+   processing.
+
+   `Transformers` are a form of `dlt resource` that takes input from other resources
+   via `data_from` argument to enrich or transform the data.
+   [Click here.](../../general-usage/resource.md#process-resources-with-dlttransformer)
+
+   Conversely, `add_map` used to customize a resource applies transformations at an item level
+   within a resource. It's useful for tasks like anonymizing individual data records. More on this
+   can be found under [Customize resources](../../general-usage/resource.md#customize-resources) in
+   the documentation.
+
+1. Here, we create the pipeline and use the `add_map` functionality:
+
+   ```python
+   # Create the pipeline
+   pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
+       pipeline_name="data_enrichment_three",
+       destination="duckdb",
+       dataset_name="user_device_enrichment",
+   )
+
+   # Run the pipeline with the transformed source
+   load_info = pipeline.run(tracked_data.add_map(url_parser))
+
+   print(load_info)
+   ```
+
+   :::info
+   Please note that the same outcome can be achieved by using the transformer function. To
+   do so, you need to add the transformer decorator at the top of the `url_parser` function. For
+   `pipeline.run`, you can use the following code:
+
+   ```python
+   # using fetch_average_price as a transformer function
+   load_info = pipeline.run(
+       tracked_data | url_parser,
+       table_name="url_parser"
+   )
+   ```
+
+   This will execute the `url_parser` function with the tracked data and return parsed URL.
+   :::
+
+### Run the pipeline
+
+1. Install necessary dependencies for the preferred
+   [destination](https://dlthub.com/docs/dlt-ecosystem/destinations/), For example, duckdb:
+
+   ```
+   pip install dlt[duckdb]
+   ```
+
+1. Run the pipeline with the following command:
+
+   ```
+   python url_enrichment_pipeline.py
+   ```
+
+1. To ensure that everything loads as expected, use the command:
+
+   ```
+   dlt pipeline <pipeline_name> show
+   ```
+
+   For example, the "pipeline_name" for the above pipeline example is `data_enrichment_three`; you
+   can use any custom name instead.

docs/website/sidebars.js

@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ const sidebars = {
           label: 'Data enrichments',
           items: [
             'general-usage/data-enrichments/user_agent_device_data_enrichment',
+            'general-usage/data-enrichments/url-parser-data-enrichment'
           ]
         },
         {