[#264] Create infrastructure for C++ bindings

[elBoberido]

Notes for Reviewer

This PR adds the infrastructure to build the C++ bindings for iceoryx2.

Before this is merged

• create a v2.95.0 tag in iceoryx
• use the tag to fetch iceoryx_hoofs and the 2.95.0 version in find_package
• add out-of-tree builds for cxx examples to CI
• add a .clang-format file -> Add clang-format and clang-tidy for C and C++ language bindings #265
  • based on the one from iceoryx but maybe adjusted to mimic the rustfmt formatting more closely
• add a .clang-tidy file -> Add clang-format and clang-tidy for C and C++ language bindings #265
• CI check for clang-tidy and clang-format -> Add clang-format and clang-tidy for C and C++ language bindings #265

Pre-Review Checklist for the PR Author

1. Add sensible notes for the reviewer
2. PR title is short, expressive and meaningful
3. Relevant issues are linked in the References section
4. Every source code file has a copyright header with SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
5. Branch follows the naming format (iox2-123-introduce-posix-ipc-example)
6. Commits messages are according to this guideline
   • Commit messages have the issue ID ([#123] Add posix ipc example)
   • Commit author matches Eclipse Contributor Agreement (and ECA is signed)
7. Tests follow the best practice for testing
8. Changelog updated in the unreleased section including API breaking changes
9. Assign PR to reviewer
10. All checks have passed (except task-list-completed)

Checklist for the PR Reviewer

• Commits are properly organized and messages are according to the guideline
• Unit tests have been written for new behavior
• Public API is documented
• PR title describes the changes

Post-review Checklist for the PR Author

1. All open points are addressed and tracked via issues

References

Relates to #264

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 79.76%. Comparing base (a83c2ec) to head (74833a5).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #261      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   79.79%   79.76%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         191      191              
  Lines       21468    21468              
==========================================
- Hits        17130    17123       -7     
- Misses       4338     4345       +7     

see 5 files with indirect coverage changes

[elfenpiff]

Could we add a clang-format and clang-tidy CI check right from the beginning?

[elBoberido]

I moved that task to a follow up to not block the C++ binding work