feat: purge name from certificate records during user retirement (ope…

…nedx#34799)

[APER-3241]

This PR updates the retirement pipeline to purge learners' names from certificate records when their account is being retired.

It also introduces a new management command that can be used by Open edX operators to purge the leftover name data (PII data) from the `certificates_generatedcertificate` table. This is designed as a one-time use data fixup, as the retirement functionality should clean this moving forward.

lms/djangoapps/certificates/api.py

@@ -953,3 +953,21 @@ def invalidate_certificate(user_id, course_key_or_id, source):
         return False
 
     return True
+
+
+def clear_pii_from_certificate_records_for_user(user):
+    """
+    Utility function to remove PII from certificate records when a learner's account is being retired. Used by the
+    `AccountRetirementView` in the `user_api` Django app (invoked by the /api/user/v1/accounts/retire endpoint).
+
+    The update is performed using a bulk SQL update via the Django ORM. This will not trigger the GeneratedCertificate
+    model's custom `save()` function, nor fire any Django signals (which is desired at the time of writing). There is
+    nothing to update in our external systems by this update.
+
+    Args:
+        user (User): The User instance of the learner actively being retired.
+
+    Returns:
+        None
+    """
+    GeneratedCertificate.objects.filter(user=user).update(name="")

lms/djangoapps/certificates/management/commands/purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""
+A management command, designed to be run once by Open edX Operators, to obfuscate learner PII from the
+`Certificates_GeneratedCertificate` table that should have been purged during learner retirement.
+
+A fix has been included in the retirement pipeline to properly purge this data during learner retirement. This can be
+used to purge PII from accounts that have already been retired.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+
+from lms.djangoapps.certificates.models import GeneratedCertificate
+from openedx.core.djangoapps.user_api.api import get_retired_user_ids
+
+User = get_user_model()
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    """
+    This management command performs a bulk update on `GeneratedCertificate` instances. This means that it will not
+    invoke the custom save() function defined as part of the `GeneratedCertificate` model, and thus will not emit any
+    Django signals throughout the system after the update occurs. This is desired behavior. We are using this
+    management command to purge remnant PII, retired elsewhere in the system, that should have already been removed
+    from the Certificates tables. We don't need updates to propogate to external systems (like the Credentials IDA).
+
+    This management command functions by requesting a list of learners' user_ids whom have completed their journey
+    through the retirement pipeline. The `get_retired_user_ids` utility function is responsible for filtering out any
+    learners in the PENDING state, as they could still submit a request to cancel their account deletion request (and
+    we don't want to remove any data that may still be good).
+
+    Example usage:
+
+    # Dry Run (preview changes):
+    $ ./manage.py lms purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates --dry-run
+
+    # Purge data:
+    $ ./manage.py lms purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates
+    """
+
+    help = """
+    Purges learners' full names from the `Certificates_GeneratedCertificate` table if their account has been
+    successfully retired.
+    """
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser):
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Shows a preview of what users would be affected by running this management command.",
+        )
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        retired_user_ids = get_retired_user_ids()
+        if not options["dry_run"]:
+            log.warning(
+                f"Purging `name` from the certificate records of the following users: {retired_user_ids}"
+            )
+            GeneratedCertificate.objects.filter(user_id__in=retired_user_ids).update(name="")
+        else:
+            log.info(
+                "DRY RUN: running this management command would purge `name` data from the following users: "
+                f"{retired_user_ids}"
+            )

lms/djangoapps/certificates/management/commands/tests/test_purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+Tests for the `purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates` management command.
+"""
+
+
+from django.core.management import call_command
+from testfixtures import LogCapture
+
+from common.djangoapps.student.tests.factories import UserFactory
+from lms.djangoapps.certificates.data import CertificateStatuses
+from lms.djangoapps.certificates.models import GeneratedCertificate
+from lms.djangoapps.certificates.tests.factories import GeneratedCertificateFactory
+from openedx.core.djangoapps.user_api.models import RetirementState
+from openedx.core.djangoapps.user_api.tests.factories import (
+    RetirementStateFactory,
+    UserRetirementRequestFactory,
+    UserRetirementStatusFactory,
+)
+from xmodule.modulestore.tests.django_utils import ModuleStoreTestCase
+from xmodule.modulestore.tests.factories import CourseFactory
+
+
+class PurgePiiFromCertificatesTests(ModuleStoreTestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for the `purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates` management command.
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        """
+        The retirement pipeline is not fully enabled by default. In order to properly test the management command, we
+        must ensure that at least one of the required RetirementState states (`COMPLETE`) exists.
+        """
+        super().setUpClass()
+        cls.complete = RetirementStateFactory(state_name="COMPLETE")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        # Remove any retirement state objects that we created during this test suite run. We don't want to poison other
+        # test suites.
+        RetirementState.objects.all().delete()
+        super().tearDownClass()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.course_run = CourseFactory()
+        # create an "active" learner that is not associated with any retirement requests, used to verify that the
+        # management command doesn't purge any info for active users.
+        self.user_active = UserFactory()
+        self.user_active_name = "Teysa Karlov"
+        GeneratedCertificateFactory(
+            status=CertificateStatuses.downloadable,
+            course_id=self.course_run.id,
+            user=self.user_active,
+            name=self.user_active_name,
+            grade=1.00,
+        )
+        # create a second learner that is associated with a retirement request, used to verify that the management
+        # command purges info successfully from a GeneratedCertificate instance associated with a retired learner
+        self.user_retired = UserFactory()
+        self.user_retired_name = "Nicol Bolas"
+        GeneratedCertificateFactory(
+            status=CertificateStatuses.downloadable,
+            course_id=self.course_run.id,
+            user=self.user_retired,
+            name=self.user_retired_name,
+            grade=0.99,
+        )
+        UserRetirementStatusFactory(
+            user=self.user_retired,
+            current_state=self.complete,
+            last_state=self.complete,
+        )
+        UserRetirementRequestFactory(user=self.user_retired)
+
+    def test_management_command(self):
+        """
+        Verify the management command purges expected data from a GeneratedCertificate instance if a learner has
+        successfully had their account retired.
+        """
+        cert_for_active_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_active)
+        assert cert_for_active_user.name == self.user_active_name
+        cert_for_retired_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_retired)
+        assert cert_for_retired_user.name == self.user_retired_name
+
+        call_command("purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates")
+
+        cert_for_active_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_active)
+        assert cert_for_active_user.name == self.user_active_name
+        cert_for_retired_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_retired)
+        assert cert_for_retired_user.name == ""
+
+    def test_management_command_dry_run(self):
+        """
+        Verify that the management command does not purge any data when invoked with the `--dry-run` flag
+        """
+        expected_log_msg = (
+            "DRY RUN: running this management command would purge `name` data from the following users: "
+            f"[{self.user_retired.id}]"
+        )
+
+        cert_for_active_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_active)
+        assert cert_for_active_user.name == self.user_active_name
+        cert_for_retired_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_retired)
+        assert cert_for_retired_user.name == self.user_retired_name
+
+        with LogCapture() as logger:
+            call_command("purge_pii_from_generatedcertificates", "--dry-run")
+
+        cert_for_active_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_active)
+        assert cert_for_active_user.name == self.user_active_name
+        cert_for_retired_user = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user_id=self.user_retired)
+        assert cert_for_retired_user.name == self.user_retired_name
+
+        assert logger.records[0].msg == expected_log_msg

lms/djangoapps/certificates/tests/test_api.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     can_show_certificate_message,
     certificate_status_for_student,
     certificate_downloadable_status,
+    clear_pii_from_certificate_records_for_user,
     create_certificate_invalidation_entry,
     create_or_update_certificate_allowlist_entry,
     display_date_for_certificate,
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@
 from openedx.core.djangoapps.site_configuration.tests.test_util import with_site_configuration
 
 CAN_GENERATE_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.generation_handler._can_generate_regular_certificate'
+BETA_TESTER_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api.access.is_beta_tester'
+CERTS_VIEWABLE_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api.certificates_viewable_for_course'
+PASSED_OR_ALLOWLISTED_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api._has_passed_or_is_allowlisted'
 FEATURES_WITH_CERTS_ENABLED = settings.FEATURES.copy()
 FEATURES_WITH_CERTS_ENABLED['CERTIFICATES_HTML_VIEW'] = True
 
@@ -1120,10 +1124,6 @@ def test_get_certificate_invalidation_entry_dne(self):
         for index, message in enumerate(expected_messages):
             assert message in log.records[index].getMessage()
 
-BETA_TESTER_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api.access.is_beta_tester'
-CERTS_VIEWABLE_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api.certificates_viewable_for_course'
-PASSED_OR_ALLOWLISTED_METHOD = 'lms.djangoapps.certificates.api._has_passed_or_is_allowlisted'
-
 
 class MockGeneratedCertificate:
     """
@@ -1268,3 +1268,42 @@ def test_beta_tester(self):
 
                 with patch(BETA_TESTER_METHOD, return_value=True):
                     assert not can_show_certificate_message(self.course, self.user, grade, certs_enabled)
+
+
+class CertificatesLearnerRetirementFunctionality(ModuleStoreTestCase):
+    """
+    API tests for utility functions used as part of the learner retirement pipeline to remove PII from certificate
+    records.
+    """
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.user = UserFactory()
+        self.user_full_name = "Maeby Funke"
+        self.course1 = CourseOverviewFactory()
+        self.course2 = CourseOverviewFactory()
+        GeneratedCertificateFactory(
+            course_id=self.course1.id,
+            name=self.user_full_name,
+            user=self.user,
+        )
+        GeneratedCertificateFactory(
+            course_id=self.course2.id,
+            name=self.user_full_name,
+            user=self.user,
+        )
+
+    def test_clear_pii_from_certificate_records(self):
+        """
+        Unit test for the `clear_pii_from_certificate_records` utility function, used to wipe PII from certificate
+        records when a learner's account is being retired.
+        """
+        cert_course1 = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user=self.user, course_id=self.course1.id)
+        cert_course2 = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user=self.user, course_id=self.course2.id)
+        assert cert_course1.name == self.user_full_name
+        assert cert_course2.name == self.user_full_name
+
+        clear_pii_from_certificate_records_for_user(self.user)
+        cert_course1 = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user=self.user, course_id=self.course1.id)
+        cert_course2 = GeneratedCertificate.objects.get(user=self.user, course_id=self.course2.id)
+        assert cert_course1.name == ""
+        assert cert_course2.name == ""