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Installation Instructions | ||
************************* | ||
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Copyright (C) 1994-1996, 1999-2002, 2004-2017, 2020-2021 Free | ||
Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
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Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, | ||
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright | ||
notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, | ||
without warranty of any kind. | ||
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Basic Installation | ||
================== | ||
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Briefly, the shell command './configure && make && make install' | ||
should configure, build, and install this package. The following | ||
more-detailed instructions are generic; see the 'README' file for | ||
instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this | ||
'INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented | ||
below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not | ||
necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found | ||
in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions. | ||
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The 'configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for | ||
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses | ||
those values to create a 'Makefile' in each directory of the package. | ||
It may also create one or more '.h' files containing system-dependent | ||
definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script 'config.status' that | ||
you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a | ||
file 'config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for | ||
debugging 'configure'). | ||
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It can also use an optional file (typically called 'config.cache' and | ||
enabled with '--cache-file=config.cache' or simply '-C') that saves the | ||
results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring. Caching is disabled by | ||
default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale cache files. | ||
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If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try | ||
to figure out how 'configure' could check whether to do them, and mail | ||
diffs or instructions to the address given in the 'README' so they can | ||
be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at | ||
some point 'config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you | ||
may remove or edit it. | ||
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The file 'configure.ac' (or 'configure.in') is used to create | ||
'configure' by a program called 'autoconf'. You need 'configure.ac' if | ||
you want to change it or regenerate 'configure' using a newer version of | ||
'autoconf'. | ||
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The simplest way to compile this package is: | ||
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1. 'cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type | ||
'./configure' to configure the package for your system. | ||
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Running 'configure' might take a while. While running, it prints | ||
some messages telling which features it is checking for. | ||
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2. Type 'make' to compile the package. | ||
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3. Optionally, type 'make check' to run any self-tests that come with | ||
the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries. | ||
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4. Type 'make install' to install the programs and any data files and | ||
documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is | ||
recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular | ||
user, and only the 'make install' phase executed with root | ||
privileges. | ||
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5. Optionally, type 'make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but | ||
this time using the binaries in their final installed location. | ||
This target does not install anything. Running this target as a | ||
regular user, particularly if the prior 'make install' required | ||
root privileges, verifies that the installation completed | ||
correctly. | ||
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6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the | ||
source code directory by typing 'make clean'. To also remove the | ||
files that 'configure' created (so you can compile the package for | ||
a different kind of computer), type 'make distclean'. There is | ||
also a 'make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly | ||
for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get | ||
all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came | ||
with the distribution. | ||
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7. Often, you can also type 'make uninstall' to remove the installed | ||
files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that | ||
uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the | ||
GNU Coding Standards. | ||
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8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide 'make | ||
distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other | ||
targets like 'make install' and 'make uninstall' work correctly. | ||
This target is generally not run by end users. | ||
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Compilers and Options | ||
===================== | ||
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Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that | ||
the 'configure' script does not know about. Run './configure --help' | ||
for details on some of the pertinent environment variables. | ||
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You can give 'configure' initial values for configuration parameters | ||
by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here is | ||
an example: | ||
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./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix | ||
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*Note Defining Variables::, for more details. | ||
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Compiling For Multiple Architectures | ||
==================================== | ||
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You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the | ||
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their | ||
own directory. To do this, you can use GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the | ||
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run | ||
the 'configure' script. 'configure' automatically checks for the source | ||
code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. This is known | ||
as a "VPATH" build. | ||
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With a non-GNU 'make', it is safer to compile the package for one | ||
architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have | ||
installed the package for one architecture, use 'make distclean' before | ||
reconfiguring for another architecture. | ||
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On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and | ||
executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or | ||
"universal" binaries--by specifying multiple '-arch' options to the | ||
compiler but only a single '-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like | ||
this: | ||
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./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \ | ||
CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \ | ||
CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E" | ||
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This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you | ||
may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results | ||
using the 'lipo' tool if you have problems. | ||
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Installation Names | ||
================== | ||
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By default, 'make install' installs the package's commands under | ||
'/usr/local/bin', include files under '/usr/local/include', etc. You | ||
can specify an installation prefix other than '/usr/local' by giving | ||
'configure' the option '--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an | ||
absolute file name. | ||
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You can specify separate installation prefixes for | ||
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you | ||
pass the option '--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to 'configure', the package uses | ||
PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. | ||
Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix. | ||
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In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give | ||
options like '--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular | ||
kinds of files. Run 'configure --help' for a list of the directories | ||
you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the default | ||
for these options is expressed in terms of '${prefix}', so that | ||
specifying just '--prefix' will affect all of the other directory | ||
specifications that were not explicitly provided. | ||
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The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the | ||
correct locations to 'configure'; however, many packages provide one or | ||
both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the | ||
'make install' command line to change installation locations without | ||
having to reconfigure or recompile. | ||
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The first method involves providing an override variable for each | ||
affected directory. For example, 'make install | ||
prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all | ||
directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of | ||
'${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during 'configure', | ||
but not in terms of '${prefix}', must each be overridden at install time | ||
for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of makefile | ||
variable overrides for each directory variable is required by the GNU | ||
Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation. However, some | ||
platforms have known limitations with the semantics of shared libraries | ||
that end up requiring recompilation when using this method, particularly | ||
noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool. | ||
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The second method involves providing the 'DESTDIR' variable. For | ||
example, 'make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend | ||
'/alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of | ||
'DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and | ||
does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand, | ||
it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even | ||
when some directory options were not specified in terms of '${prefix}' | ||
at 'configure' time. | ||
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Optional Features | ||
================= | ||
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If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed | ||
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving 'configure' the | ||
option '--program-prefix=PREFIX' or '--program-suffix=SUFFIX'. | ||
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Some packages pay attention to '--enable-FEATURE' options to | ||
'configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package. | ||
They may also pay attention to '--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE | ||
is something like 'gnu-as' or 'x' (for the X Window System). The | ||
'README' should mention any '--enable-' and '--with-' options that the | ||
package recognizes. | ||
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For packages that use the X Window System, 'configure' can usually | ||
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't, | ||
you can use the 'configure' options '--x-includes=DIR' and | ||
'--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations. | ||
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Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the | ||
execution of 'make' will be. For these packages, running './configure | ||
--enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be | ||
overridden with 'make V=1'; while running './configure | ||
--disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be | ||
overridden with 'make V=0'. | ||
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Particular systems | ||
================== | ||
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On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU CC | ||
is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in | ||
order to use an ANSI C compiler: | ||
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./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500" | ||
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and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX. | ||
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HP-UX 'make' updates targets which have the same timestamps as their | ||
prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped generated | ||
files such as 'configure' are involved. Use GNU 'make' instead. | ||
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On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot | ||
parse its '<wchar.h>' header file. The option '-nodtk' can be used as a | ||
workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended to | ||
try | ||
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./configure CC="cc" | ||
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and if that doesn't work, try | ||
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./configure CC="cc -nodtk" | ||
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On Solaris, don't put '/usr/ucb' early in your 'PATH'. This | ||
directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of | ||
these programs are available in '/usr/bin'. So, if you need '/usr/ucb' | ||
in your 'PATH', put it _after_ '/usr/bin'. | ||
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On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in '/boot/common', | ||
not '/usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options: | ||
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./configure --prefix=/boot/common | ||
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Specifying the System Type | ||
========================== | ||
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There may be some features 'configure' cannot figure out | ||
automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package | ||
will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the | ||
_same_ architectures, 'configure' can figure that out, but if it prints | ||
a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the | ||
'--build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system | ||
type, such as 'sun4', or a canonical name which has the form: | ||
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CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM | ||
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where SYSTEM can have one of these forms: | ||
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OS | ||
KERNEL-OS | ||
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See the file 'config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If | ||
'config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't | ||
need to know the machine type. | ||
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If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should | ||
use the option '--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will | ||
produce code for. | ||
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If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a | ||
platform different from the build platform, you should specify the | ||
"host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will | ||
eventually be run) with '--host=TYPE'. | ||
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Sharing Defaults | ||
================ | ||
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If you want to set default values for 'configure' scripts to share, | ||
you can create a site shell script called 'config.site' that gives | ||
default values for variables like 'CC', 'cache_file', and 'prefix'. | ||
'configure' looks for 'PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then | ||
'PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the | ||
'CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. | ||
A warning: not all 'configure' scripts look for a site script. | ||
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Defining Variables | ||
================== | ||
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Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the | ||
environment passed to 'configure'. However, some packages may run | ||
configure again during the build, and the customized values of these | ||
variables may be lost. In order to avoid this problem, you should set | ||
them in the 'configure' command line, using 'VAR=value'. For example: | ||
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./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc | ||
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causes the specified 'gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is | ||
overridden in the site shell script). | ||
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Unfortunately, this technique does not work for 'CONFIG_SHELL' due to an | ||
Autoconf limitation. Until the limitation is lifted, you can use this | ||
workaround: | ||
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CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash | ||
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'configure' Invocation | ||
====================== | ||
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'configure' recognizes the following options to control how it | ||
operates. | ||
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'--help' | ||
'-h' | ||
Print a summary of all of the options to 'configure', and exit. | ||
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'--help=short' | ||
'--help=recursive' | ||
Print a summary of the options unique to this package's | ||
'configure', and exit. The 'short' variant lists options used only | ||
in the top level, while the 'recursive' variant lists options also | ||
present in any nested packages. | ||
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'--version' | ||
'-V' | ||
Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the 'configure' | ||
script, and exit. | ||
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'--cache-file=FILE' | ||
Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE, | ||
traditionally 'config.cache'. FILE defaults to '/dev/null' to | ||
disable caching. | ||
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'--config-cache' | ||
'-C' | ||
Alias for '--cache-file=config.cache'. | ||
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'--quiet' | ||
'--silent' | ||
'-q' | ||
Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To | ||
suppress all normal output, redirect it to '/dev/null' (any error | ||
messages will still be shown). | ||
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'--srcdir=DIR' | ||
Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually | ||
'configure' can determine that directory automatically. | ||
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'--prefix=DIR' | ||
Use DIR as the installation prefix. *note Installation Names:: for | ||
more details, including other options available for fine-tuning the | ||
installation locations. | ||
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'--no-create' | ||
'-n' | ||
Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output | ||
files. | ||
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'configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run | ||
'configure --help' for more details. |
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