２章

.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--require spec_helper
+--format documentation

Gemfile

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ group :development, :test do
   gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
   gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13.0'
   gem 'selenium-webdriver'
+  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.6.0'
 end
 
 group :development do
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ group :development do
   gem 'spring'
   gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
   gem 'faker', require: false # for sample data in development
+  gem 'spring-commands-rspec'
 end
 
 gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

Gemfile.lock

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ GEM
       railties (>= 4.1.0, < 5.2)
       responders
       warden (~> 1.2.3)
+    diff-lcs (1.3)
     erubi (1.6.0)
     execjs (2.7.0)
     faker (1.7.3)
@@ -153,6 +154,23 @@ GEM
     responders (2.4.0)
       actionpack (>= 4.2.0, < 5.3)
       railties (>= 4.2.0, < 5.3)
+    rspec-core (3.6.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
+    rspec-expectations (3.6.0)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
+    rspec-mocks (3.6.0)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
+    rspec-rails (3.6.1)
+      actionpack (>= 3.0)
+      activesupport (>= 3.0)
+      railties (>= 3.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.6.0)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.6.0)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.6.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
+    rspec-support (3.6.0)
     ruby_dep (1.5.0)
     rubyzip (1.2.1)
     sass (3.4.23)
@@ -168,6 +186,8 @@ GEM
       websocket (~> 1.0)
     spring (2.0.1)
       activesupport (>= 4.2)
+    spring-commands-rspec (1.0.4)
+      spring (>= 0.9.1)
     spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)
       listen (>= 2.7, < 4.0)
       spring (>= 1.2, < 3.0)
@@ -220,9 +240,11 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   paperclip
   puma (~> 3.7)
   rails (~> 5.1.1)
+  rspec-rails (~> 3.6.0)
   sass-rails (~> 5.0)
   selenium-webdriver
   spring
+  spring-commands-rspec
   spring-watcher-listen (~> 2.0.0)
   sqlite3
   turbolinks (~> 5)
@@ -231,4 +253,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   web-console (>= 3.3.0)
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-   1.14.6
+   1.16.1

bin/rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+begin
+  load File.expand_path('../spring', __FILE__)
+rescue LoadError => e
+  raise unless e.message.include?('spring')
+end
+require 'bundler/setup'
+load Gem.bin_path('rspec-core', 'rspec')

config/application.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ class Application < Rails::Application
     # Initialize configuration defaults for originally generated Rails version.
     config.load_defaults 5.1
 
+    config.generators do |g|
+      g.test_framework :rspec,
+                       fixtures: false,
+                       view_specs: false,
+                       helper_specs: false,
+                       routing_specs: false
+                     end
     # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
     # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
     # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.

spec/rails_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
+require 'spec_helper'
+ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
+require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
+# Prevent database truncation if the environment is production
+abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?
+require 'rspec/rails'
+# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!
+
+# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, in
+# spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Files matching `spec/**/*_spec.rb` are
+# run as spec files by default. This means that files in spec/support that end
+# in _spec.rb will both be required and run as specs, causing the specs to be
+# run twice. It is recommended that you do not name files matching this glob to
+# end with _spec.rb. You can configure this pattern with the --pattern
+# option on the command line or in ~/.rspec, .rspec or `.rspec-local`.
+#
+# The following line is provided for convenience purposes. It has the downside
+# of increasing the boot-up time by auto-requiring all files in the support
+# directory. Alternatively, in the individual `*_spec.rb` files, manually
+# require only the support files necessary.
+#
+# Dir[Rails.root.join('spec/support/**/*.rb')].each { |f| require f }
+
+# Checks for pending migration and applies them before tests are run.
+# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove this line.
+ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
+  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
+
+  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
+  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
+  # instead of true.
+  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
+
+  # RSpec Rails can automatically mix in different behaviours to your tests
+  # based on their file location, for example enabling you to call `get` and
+  # `post` in specs under `spec/controllers`.
+  #
+  # You can disable this behaviour by removing the line below, and instead
+  # explicitly tag your specs with their type, e.g.:
+  #
+  #     RSpec.describe UsersController, :type => :controller do
+  #       # ...
+  #     end
+  #
+  # The different available types are documented in the features, such as in
+  # https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/docs
+  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
+
+  # Filter lines from Rails gems in backtraces.
+  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
+  # arbitrary gems may also be filtered via:
+  # config.filter_gems_from_backtrace("gem name")
+end

spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# This file was generated by the `rails generate rspec:install` command. Conventionally, all
+# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
+# The generated `.rspec` file contains `--require spec_helper` which will cause
+# this file to always be loaded, without a need to explicitly require it in any
+# files.
+#
+# Given that it is always loaded, you are encouraged to keep this file as
+# light-weight as possible. Requiring heavyweight dependencies from this file
+# will add to the boot time of your test suite on EVERY test run, even for an
+# individual file that may not need all of that loaded. Instead, consider making
+# a separate helper file that requires the additional dependencies and performs
+# the additional setup, and require it from the spec files that actually need
+# it.
+#
+# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate
+  # assertion/expectation library such as wrong or the stdlib/minitest
+  # assertions if you prefer.
+  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
+    # This option will default to `true` in RSpec 4. It makes the `description`
+    # and `failure_message` of custom matchers include text for helper methods
+    # defined using `chain`, e.g.:
+    #     be_bigger_than(2).and_smaller_than(4).description
+    #     # => "be bigger than 2 and smaller than 4"
+    # ...rather than:
+    #     # => "be bigger than 2"
+    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
+  end
+
+  # rspec-mocks config goes here. You can use an alternate test double
+  # library (such as bogus or mocha) by changing the `mock_with` option here.
+  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
+    # Prevents you from mocking or stubbing a method that does not exist on
+    # a real object. This is generally recommended, and will default to
+    # `true` in RSpec 4.
+    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
+  end
+
+  # This option will default to `:apply_to_host_groups` in RSpec 4 (and will
+  # have no way to turn it off -- the option exists only for backwards
+  # compatibility in RSpec 3). It causes shared context metadata to be
+  # inherited by the metadata hash of host groups and examples, rather than
+  # triggering implicit auto-inclusion in groups with matching metadata.
+  config.shared_context_metadata_behavior = :apply_to_host_groups
+
+# The settings below are suggested to provide a good initial experience
+# with RSpec, but feel free to customize to your heart's content.
+=begin
+  # This allows you to limit a spec run to individual examples or groups
+  # you care about by tagging them with `:focus` metadata. When nothing
+  # is tagged with `:focus`, all examples get run. RSpec also provides
+  # aliases for `it`, `describe`, and `context` that include `:focus`
+  # metadata: `fit`, `fdescribe` and `fcontext`, respectively.
+  config.filter_run_when_matching :focus
+
+  # Allows RSpec to persist some state between runs in order to support
+  # the `--only-failures` and `--next-failure` CLI options. We recommend
+  # you configure your source control system to ignore this file.
+  config.example_status_persistence_file_path = "spec/examples.txt"
+
+  # Limits the available syntax to the non-monkey patched syntax that is
+  # recommended. For more details, see:
+  #   - http://rspec.info/blog/2012/06/rspecs-new-expectation-syntax/
+  #   - http://www.teaisaweso.me/blog/2013/05/27/rspecs-new-message-expectation-syntax/
+  #   - http://rspec.info/blog/2014/05/notable-changes-in-rspec-3/#zero-monkey-patching-mode
+  config.disable_monkey_patching!
+
+  # Many RSpec users commonly either run the entire suite or an individual
+  # file, and it's useful to allow more verbose output when running an
+  # individual spec file.
+  if config.files_to_run.one?
+    # Use the documentation formatter for detailed output,
+    # unless a formatter has already been configured
+    # (e.g. via a command-line flag).
+    config.default_formatter = "doc"
+  end
+
+  # Print the 10 slowest examples and example groups at the
+  # end of the spec run, to help surface which specs are running
+  # particularly slow.
+  config.profile_examples = 10
+
+  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
+  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
+  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
+  #     --seed 1234
+  config.order = :random
+
+  # Seed global randomization in this process using the `--seed` CLI option.
+  # Setting this allows you to use `--seed` to deterministically reproduce
+  # test failures related to randomization by passing the same `--seed` value
+  # as the one that triggered the failure.
+  Kernel.srand config.seed
+=end
+end