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diff --git a/exercises/practice/affine-cipher/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/affine-cipher/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher.
 Each character is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted with a mathematical function and then converted to the letter relating to its new numeric value.
 Although all monoalphabetic ciphers are weak, the affine cipher is much stronger than the atbash cipher, because it has many more keys.
 
-[//]: # ' monoalphabetic as spelled by Merriam-Webster, compare to polyalphabetic '
+[//]: # " monoalphabetic as spelled by Merriam-Webster, compare to polyalphabetic "
 
 ## Encryption
 

diff --git a/exercises/practice/binary-search/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/binary-search/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Your task is to implement a binary search algorithm.
 A binary search algorithm finds an item in a list by repeatedly splitting it in half, only keeping the half which contains the item we're looking for.
 It allows us to quickly narrow down the possible locations of our item until we find it, or until we've eliminated all possible locations.
 
-```exercism/caution
+~~~~exercism/caution
 Binary search only works when a list has been sorted.
-```
+~~~~
 
 The algorithm looks like this:
 

diff --git a/exercises/practice/etl/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/etl/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ This needs to be changed to store each individual letter with its score in a one
 
 As part of this change, the team has also decided to change the letters to be lower-case rather than upper-case.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 If you want to look at how the data was previously structured and how it needs to change, take a look at the examples in the test suite.
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/gigasecond/.docs/introduction.md b/exercises/practice/gigasecond/.docs/introduction.md
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ Then we can use metric system prefixes for writing large numbers of seconds in m
 - Perhaps you and your family would travel to somewhere exotic for two megaseconds (that's two million seconds).
 - And if you and your spouse were married for _a thousand million_ seconds, you would celebrate your one gigasecond anniversary.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 If we ever colonize Mars or some other planet, measuring time is going to get even messier.
 If someone says "year" do they mean a year on Earth or a year on Mars?
 
 The idea for this exercise came from the science fiction novel ["A Deepness in the Sky"][vinge-novel] by author Vernor Vinge.
 In it the author uses the metric system as the basis for time measurements.
 
 [vinge-novel]: https://www.tor.com/2017/08/03/science-fiction-with-something-for-everyone-a-deepness-in-the-sky-by-vernor-vinge/
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/leap/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/leap/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -1,22 +1,3 @@
 # Instructions
 
-Given a year, report if it is a leap year.
-
-The tricky thing here is that a leap year in the Gregorian calendar occurs:
-
-```text
-on every year that is evenly divisible by 4
-  except every year that is evenly divisible by 100
-    unless the year is also evenly divisible by 400
-```
-
-For example, 1997 is not a leap year, but 1996 is.
-1900 is not a leap year, but 2000 is.
-
-## Notes
-
-Though our exercise adopts some very simple rules, there is more to learn!
-
-For a delightful, four minute explanation of the whole leap year phenomenon, go watch [this youtube video][video].
-
-[video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE
+Your task is to determine whether a given year is a leap year.
diff --git a/exercises/practice/leap/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/leap/.meta/config.json
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
       ".meta/proof.ci.js"
     ]
   },
-  "blurb": "Given a year, report if it is a leap year.",
+  "blurb": "Determine whether a given year is a leap year.",
   "source": "CodeRanch Cattle Drive, Assignment 3",
   "source_url": "https://coderanch.com/t/718816/Leap",
   "custom": {

diff --git a/exercises/practice/linked-list/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/linked-list/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Sometimes a station gets closed down, and in that case the station needs to be r
 
 The size of a route is measured not by how far the train travels, but by how many stations it stops at.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 The linked list is a fundamental data structure in computer science, often used in the implementation of other data structures.
 As the name suggests, it is a list of nodes that are linked together.
 It is a list of "nodes", where each node links to its neighbor or neighbors.
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ In a **doubly linked list** each node links to both the node that comes before,
 If you want to dig deeper into linked lists, check out [this article][intro-linked-list] that explains it using nice drawings.
 
 [intro-linked-list]: https://medium.com/basecs/whats-a-linked-list-anyway-part-1-d8b7e6508b9d
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/pangram/.docs/introduction.md b/exercises/practice/pangram/.docs/introduction.md
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ To give a comprehensive sense of the font, the random sentences should use **all
 They're running a competition to get suggestions for sentences that they can use.
 You're in charge of checking the submissions to see if they are valid.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 Pangram comes from Greek, παν γράμμα, pan gramma, which means "every letter".
 
 The best known English pangram is:
 
 > The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/perfect-numbers/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/perfect-numbers/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -2,22 +2,38 @@
 
 Determine if a number is perfect, abundant, or deficient based on Nicomachus' (60 - 120 CE) classification scheme for positive integers.
 
-The Greek mathematician [Nicomachus][nicomachus] devised a classification scheme for positive integers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of **perfect**, **abundant**, or **deficient** based on their [aliquot sum][aliquot-sum].
-The aliquot sum is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself.
+The Greek mathematician [Nicomachus][nicomachus] devised a classification scheme for positive integers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of [perfect](#perfect), [abundant](#abundant), or [deficient](#deficient) based on their [aliquot sum][aliquot-sum].
+The _aliquot sum_ is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself.
 For example, the aliquot sum of `15` is `1 + 3 + 5 = 9`.
 
-- **Perfect**: aliquot sum = number
-  - 6 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 3) = 6
-  - 28 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) = 28
-- **Abundant**: aliquot sum > number
-  - 12 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6) = 16
-  - 24 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12) = 36
-- **Deficient**: aliquot sum < number
-  - 8 is a deficient number because (1 + 2 + 4) = 7
-  - Prime numbers are deficient
-
-Implement a way to determine whether a given number is **perfect**.
-Depending on your language track, you may also need to implement a way to determine whether a given number is **abundant** or **deficient**.
+## Perfect
+
+A number is perfect when it equals its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `6` is a perfect number because `1 + 2 + 3 = 6`
+- `28` is a perfect number because `1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28`
+
+## Abundant
+
+A number is abundant when it is less than its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `12` is an abundant number because `1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16`
+- `24` is an abundant number because `1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 = 36`
+
+## Deficient
+
+A number is deficient when it is greater than its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `8` is a deficient number because `1 + 2 + 4 = 7`
+- Prime numbers are deficient
+
+## Task
+
+Implement a way to determine whether a given number is [perfect](#perfect).
+Depending on your language track, you may also need to implement a way to determine whether a given number is [abundant](#abundant) or [deficient](#deficient).
 
 [nicomachus]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachus
 [aliquot-sum]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot_sum
diff --git a/exercises/practice/pythagorean-triplet/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/pythagorean-triplet/.meta/config.json
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
       ".meta/proof.ci.js"
     ]
   },
-  "blurb": "There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. Find the product a * b * c.",
+  "blurb": "There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. Find the triplet.",
   "source": "Problem 9 at Project Euler",
   "source_url": "https://projecteuler.net/problem=9",
   "custom": {

diff --git a/exercises/practice/queen-attack/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/queen-attack/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -8,18 +8,14 @@ A chessboard can be represented by an 8 by 8 array.
 
 So if you are told the white queen is at `c5` (zero-indexed at column 2, row 3) and the black queen at `f2` (zero-indexed at column 5, row 6), then you know that the set-up is like so:
 
-```text
-  a b c d e f g h
-8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8
-7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7
-6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6
-5 _ _ W _ _ _ _ _ 5
-4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
-2 _ _ _ _ _ B _ _ 2
-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
-  a b c d e f g h
-```
+![A chess board with two queens. Arrows emanating from the queen at c5 indicate possible directions of capture along file, rank and diagonal.](https://assets.exercism.org/images/exercises/queen-attack/queen-capture.svg)
 
 You are also able to answer whether the queens can attack each other.
 In this case, that answer would be yes, they can, because both pieces share a diagonal.
+
+## Credit
+
+The chessboard image was made by [habere-et-dispertire][habere-et-dispertire] using LaTeX and the [chessboard package][chessboard-package] by Ulrike Fischer.
+
+[habere-et-dispertire]: https://exercism.org/profiles/habere-et-dispertire
+[chessboard-package]: https://github.com/u-fischer/chessboard
diff --git a/exercises/practice/rational-numbers/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/rational-numbers/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 A rational number is defined as the quotient of two integers `a` and `b`, called the numerator and denominator, respectively, where `b != 0`.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 Note that mathematically, the denominator can't be zero.
 However in many implementations of rational numbers, you will find that the denominator is allowed to be zero with behaviour similar to positive or negative infinity in floating point numbers.
 In those cases, the denominator and numerator generally still can't both be zero at once.
-```
+~~~~
 
 The absolute value `|r|` of the rational number `r = a/b` is equal to `|a|/|b|`.
 

diff --git a/exercises/practice/rest-api/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/rest-api/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ Your task is to implement a simple [RESTful API][restful-wikipedia] that receive
 [restful-wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer
 [iou]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOU
 [github-rest]: https://developer.github.com/v3/
-[reddit-rest]: https://www.reddit.com/dev/api/
+[reddit-rest]: https://web.archive.org/web/20231202231149/https://www.reddit.com/dev/api/
 [restfulapi]: https://restfulapi.net/
diff --git a/exercises/practice/rna-transcription/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/rna-transcription/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ Given a DNA strand, its transcribed RNA strand is formed by replacing each nucle
 - `T` -> `A`
 - `A` -> `U`
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 If you want to look at how the inputs and outputs are structured, take a look at the examples in the test suite.
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/rna-transcription/.docs/introduction.md b/exercises/practice/rna-transcription/.docs/introduction.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ You work for a bioengineering company that specializes in developing therapeutic
 
 Your team has just been given a new project to develop a targeted therapy for a rare type of cancer.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 It's all very complicated, but the basic idea is that sometimes people's bodies produce too much of a given protein.
 That can cause all sorts of havoc.
 
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ But if you can create a very specific molecule (called a micro-RNA), it can prev
 This technique is called [RNA Interference][rnai].
 
 [rnai]: https://admin.acceleratingscience.com/ask-a-scientist/what-is-rnai/
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/secret-handshake/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/secret-handshake/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ The secret handshake for 26 is therefore:
 jump, double blink
 ```
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 If you aren't sure what binary is or how it works, check out [this binary tutorial][intro-to-binary].
 
 [intro-to-binary]: https://medium.com/basecs/bits-bytes-building-with-binary-13cb4289aafa
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/sieve/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/sieve/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ Then you repeat the following steps:
 You keep repeating these steps until you've gone through every number in your list.
 At the end, all the unmarked numbers are prime.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 [Wikipedia's Sieve of Eratosthenes article][eratosthenes] has a useful graphic that explains the algorithm.
 
 The tests don't check that you've implemented the algorithm, only that you've come up with the correct list of primes.
 A good first test is to check that you do not use division or remainder operations.
 
 [eratosthenes]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/simple-linked-list/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/simple-linked-list/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Given a range of numbers (the song IDs), create a singly linked list.
 
 Given a singly linked list, you should be able to reverse the list to play the songs in the opposite order.
 
-```exercism/note
+~~~~exercism/note
 The linked list is a fundamental data structure in computer science, often used in the implementation of other data structures.
 
 The simplest kind of linked list is a **singly** linked list.
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ That means that each element (or "node") contains data, along with something tha
 If you want to dig deeper into linked lists, check out [this article][intro-linked-list] that explains it using nice drawings.
 
 [intro-linked-list]: https://medium.com/basecs/whats-a-linked-list-anyway-part-1-d8b7e6508b9d
-```
+~~~~
diff --git a/exercises/practice/spiral-matrix/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/spiral-matrix/.meta/config.json
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   },
   "blurb": "Given the size, return a square matrix of numbers in spiral order.",
   "source": "Reddit r/dailyprogrammer challenge #320 [Easy] Spiral Ascension.",
-  "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/6i60lr/20170619_challenge_320_easy_spiral_ascension/",
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230607064729/https://old.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/6i60lr/20170619_challenge_320_easy_spiral_ascension/",
   "custom": {
     "version.tests.compatibility": "jest-27",
     "flag.tests.task-per-describe": false,

diff --git a/exercises/practice/transpose/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/transpose/.meta/config.json
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   },
   "blurb": "Take input text and output it transposed.",
   "source": "Reddit r/dailyprogrammer challenge #270 [Easy].",
-  "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/4msu2x/challenge_270_easy_transpose_the_input_text",
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230630051421/https://old.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/4msu2x/challenge_270_easy_transpose_the_input_text/",
   "custom": {
     "version.tests.compatibility": "jest-27",
     "flag.tests.task-per-describe": false,