add %- regex variable

FEATURE_MATRIX.md

@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@
 - ✔️   **lvalue `pos`**: lvalue `pos` operator is implemented.
 - ✔️   **`m?pat?`** one-time match is implemented.
 - ✔️   **`reset`** resetting one-time match is implemented
-- ✔️   **`@-`, `@+`, `%+` variables** `@-`, `@+`, `%+` special variables are implemented
-- ✔️   **`$&` variables** `` $` ``, `$&`, `$'` special variables are implemented
+- ✔️   **`@-`, `@+`, `%+`, `%-` variables**: regex special variables are implemented
+- ✔️   **`$&` variables**: `` $` ``, `$&`, `$'` special variables are implemented
 - ❌  **Perl-specific Regex Features**: Some features like `/xx` `/ee` are missing.
 - ❌  **Dynamically-scoped regex variables**: Regex variables are not dynamically-scoped.
 - ❌  **Code blocks**: `(?{ code })` in regex is not implemented.
@@ -257,6 +257,8 @@
 - ❌  **Fetching network info**: endprotoent, endservent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, getnetent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, getprotoent, getservbyname, getservbyport, getservent, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent
 - ❌  **Keywords related to the control flow of the Perl program**: `dump` operator.
 - ❌  **Tail calls**: `goto` going to a different subroutine as a tail call is not supported.
+- ❌  **Regex differences**:
+    - Java's regular expression engine does not support duplicate named capture groups. In Java, each named capturing group must have a unique name within a regular expression.
 
 ## Language Differences and Workarounds
 

README.md

@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ file.
     - Emulate Perl behaviour with unsigned integers in bitwise operators.
     - Regex `m?pat?` match-once and the `reset()` operator are implemented.
     - Regex `\G` and the `pos` operator are implemented.
-    - Regex `@-`, `@+`, `%+` special variables are implemented.
+    - Regex `@-`, `@+`, `%+`, `%-` special variables are implemented.
     - Regex `` $` ``, `$&`, `$'` special variables are implemented.
     - Regex performance comparable to Perl; optimized regex variables.
     - Added `__SUB__` keyword; `readpipe`.

src/main/java/org/perlonjava/runtime/GlobalContext.java

@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ public static void initializeGlobals(ArgumentParser.CompilerOptions compilerOpti
         getGlobalArray("main::-").elements = new ArraySpecialVariable(ArraySpecialVariable.Id.LAST_MATCH_START);  // regex @-
 
         // Initialize hashes
-        getGlobalHash("main::+").elements = new HashSpecialVariable();
+        getGlobalHash("main::+").elements = new HashSpecialVariable(HashSpecialVariable.Id.CAPTURE);  // regex %+
+        getGlobalHash("main::-").elements = new HashSpecialVariable(HashSpecialVariable.Id.CAPTURE_ALL);  // regex %-
 
         // Initialize %ENV
         Map<String, RuntimeScalar> env = getGlobalHash("main::ENV").elements;

src/main/java/org/perlonjava/runtime/HashSpecialVariable.java

@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@
  */
 public class HashSpecialVariable extends AbstractMap<String, RuntimeScalar> {
 
+    // Mode of operation for this special variable
+    private final HashSpecialVariable.Id mode;
+
     /**
      * Constructs a HashSpecialVariable for the given Matcher.
      */
-    public HashSpecialVariable() {
+    public HashSpecialVariable(HashSpecialVariable.Id mode) {
+        this.mode = mode;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -43,9 +47,22 @@ public RuntimeScalar get(Object key) {
         if (matcher != null && key instanceof String name) {
             String matchedValue = matcher.group(name);
             if (matchedValue != null) {
-                return new RuntimeScalar(matchedValue);
+                if (this.mode == Id.CAPTURE_ALL) {
+                    return new RuntimeArray(new RuntimeScalar(matchedValue)).createReference();
+                } else if (this.mode == Id.CAPTURE) {
+                    return new RuntimeScalar(matchedValue);
+                }
+                return scalarUndef;
             }
         }
         return scalarUndef;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum to represent the mode of operation for HashSpecialVariable.
+     */
+    public enum Id {
+        CAPTURE_ALL,  // Perl %-
+        CAPTURE // Perl %+
+    }
 }

src/test/resources/regex_named_capture.pl

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Test::More tests => 4;
+use Test::More tests => 6;
 
 # Test case 1: Simple named capture
 my $string1 = 'foo';
 if ($string1 =~ /(?<foo>foo)/) {
     is($+{foo}, 'foo', 'Test case 1: Named capture for "foo"');
+    is($-{foo}[0], 'foo', 'Test case 1: All named captures for "foo"');
 } else {
     fail('Test case 1: Pattern did not match');
 }
@@ -16,17 +17,10 @@
 if ($string2 =~ /(?<bar>bar)(?<baz>baz)/) {
     is($+{bar}, 'bar', 'Test case 2: Named capture for "bar"');
     is($+{baz}, 'baz', 'Test case 2: Named capture for "baz"');
+    is($-{bar}[0], 'bar', 'Test case 2: All named captures for "bar"');
+    is($-{baz}[0], 'baz', 'Test case 2: All named captures for "baz"');
 } else {
     fail('Test case 2: Pattern did not match');
 }
 
-## # Test case 3: Overlapping named captures
-## my $string3 = 'foobar';
-## if ($string3 =~ /(?<foo>foo)(?<bar>bar)|(?<foo>foobar)/) {
-##     is($+{foo}, 'foo', 'Test case 3: Overlapping named capture for "foo"');
-## } else {
-##     fail('Test case 3: Pattern did not match');
-## }
-
 done_testing();
-