Added literal offloading for array node map tasks (#5697)

* Added literal offloading for array node map tasks Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * fix Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * feedback Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * feedback Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * nit Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * feedback Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * add missing flag files Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * disabling flag until flytekit release is confirmed Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> * nit Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]> --------- Signed-off-by: pmahindrakar-oss <[email protected]>
flyteorg · Sep 16, 2024 · 7989209 · 7989209
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diff --git a/flyteadmin/go.mod b/flyteadmin/go.mod
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.34.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20200428143746-21a406dcc535 // indirect
 	github.com/benlaurie/objecthash v0.0.0-20180202135721-d1e3d6079fc1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect

diff --git a/flyteadmin/go.sum b/flyteadmin/go.sum
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ github.com/DataDog/datadog-go v3.4.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:LButxg5PwREeZtORoXG3
 github.com/DataDog/datadog-go v4.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:LButxg5PwREeZtORoXG3tL4fMGNddJ+vMq1mwgfaqoQ=
 github.com/DataDog/opencensus-go-exporter-datadog v0.0.0-20191210083620-6965a1cfed68/go.mod h1:gMGUEe16aZh0QN941HgDjwrdjU4iTthPoz2/AtDRADE=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.4.2/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 h1:H65muMkzWKEuNDnfl9d70GUjFniHKHRbFPGBuZ3QEww=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.0.3/go.mod h1:VPu/7SZ7ePZ3QOrcuXROw5FAcLl4a0cBrbBpGY/8hQs=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.11/go.mod h1:VhR8bwka0BXejwEJY73c50VrPtXAaKcyvVC4A4RozmA=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14/go.mod h1:qXqCSQ3Xa7+6tgxaGTIe4Kpcdsi+P8jBhyzoq1bpyYA=

diff --git a/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/testutils/mock_requests.go b/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/testutils/mock_requests.go
@@ -241,6 +241,28 @@ func GetExecutionRequest() *admin.ExecutionCreateRequest {
 	}
 }
 
+func GetExecutionRequestWithOffloadedInputs(inputParam string, literalValue *core.Literal) *admin.ExecutionCreateRequest {
+	execReq := GetExecutionRequest()
+	execReq.Inputs = &core.LiteralMap{
+		Literals: map[string]*core.Literal{
+			"foo": {
+				Value: &core.Literal_OffloadedMetadata{
+					OffloadedMetadata: &core.LiteralOffloadedMetadata{
+						Uri:       "s3://bucket/key",
+						SizeBytes: 100,
+						InferredType: &core.LiteralType{
+							Type: &core.LiteralType_Simple{
+								Simple: core.SimpleType_STRING,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	return execReq
+}
+
 func GetSampleWorkflowSpecForTest() *admin.WorkflowSpec {
 	return &admin.WorkflowSpec{
 		Template: &core.WorkflowTemplate{

diff --git a/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/execution_validator.go b/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/execution_validator.go
@@ -100,7 +100,13 @@ func CheckAndFetchInputsForExecution(
 			}
 			executionInputMap[name] = expectedInput.GetDefault()
 		} else {
-			inputType := validators.LiteralTypeForLiteral(executionInputMap[name])
+			var inputType *core.LiteralType
+			switch executionInputMap[name].GetValue().(type) {
+			case *core.Literal_OffloadedMetadata:
+				inputType = executionInputMap[name].GetOffloadedMetadata().GetInferredType()
+			default:
+				inputType = validators.LiteralTypeForLiteral(executionInputMap[name])
+			}
 			if !validators.AreTypesCastable(inputType, expectedInput.GetVar().GetType()) {
 				return nil, errors.NewFlyteAdminErrorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "invalid %s input wrong type. Expected %s, but got %s", name, expectedInput.GetVar().GetType(), inputType)
 			}

diff --git a/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/execution_validator_test.go b/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/execution_validator_test.go
@@ -105,6 +105,40 @@ func TestGetExecutionInputs(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, expectedMap, actualInputs)
 }
 
+func TestGetExecutionWithOffloadedInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	execLiteral := &core.Literal{
+		Value: &core.Literal_OffloadedMetadata{
+			OffloadedMetadata: &core.LiteralOffloadedMetadata{
+				Uri:       "s3://bucket/key",
+				SizeBytes: 100,
+				InferredType: &core.LiteralType{
+					Type: &core.LiteralType_Simple{
+						Simple: core.SimpleType_STRING,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	executionRequest := testutils.GetExecutionRequestWithOffloadedInputs("foo", execLiteral)
+	lpRequest := testutils.GetLaunchPlanRequest()
+
+	actualInputs, err := CheckAndFetchInputsForExecution(
+		executionRequest.Inputs,
+		lpRequest.Spec.FixedInputs,
+		lpRequest.Spec.DefaultInputs,
+	)
+	expectedMap := core.LiteralMap{
+		Literals: map[string]*core.Literal{
+			"foo": execLiteral,
+			"bar": coreutils.MustMakeLiteral("bar-value"),
+		},
+	}
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, actualInputs)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, expectedMap.GetLiterals()["foo"], actualInputs.Literals["foo"])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, expectedMap.GetLiterals()["bar"], actualInputs.Literals["bar"])
+}
+
 func TestValidateExecInputsWrongType(t *testing.T) {
 	executionRequest := testutils.GetExecutionRequest()
 	lpRequest := testutils.GetLaunchPlanRequest()

diff --git a/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/validation.go b/flyteadmin/pkg/manager/impl/validation/validation.go
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ func validateLiteralMap(inputMap *core.LiteralMap, fieldName string) error {
 			if name == "" {
 				return errors.NewFlyteAdminErrorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing key in %s", fieldName)
 			}
-			if fixedInput == nil || fixedInput.GetValue() == nil {
+			if fixedInput.GetValue() == nil && fixedInput.GetOffloadedMetadata() == nil {
 				return errors.NewFlyteAdminErrorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing valid literal in %s %s", fieldName, name)
 			}
 			if isDateTime(fixedInput) {

diff --git a/flytepropeller/go.mod b/flytepropeller/go.mod
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ go 1.22
 
 require (
 	github.com/DiSiqueira/GoTree v1.0.1-0.20180907134536-53a8e837f295
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0
 	github.com/benlaurie/objecthash v0.0.0-20180202135721-d1e3d6079fc1
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/flyteorg/flyte/flyteidl v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000

diff --git a/flytepropeller/go.sum b/flytepropeller/go.sum
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ github.com/DiSiqueira/GoTree v1.0.1-0.20180907134536-53a8e837f295 h1:xJ0dAkuxJXf
 github.com/DiSiqueira/GoTree v1.0.1-0.20180907134536-53a8e837f295/go.mod h1:e0aH495YLkrsIe9fhedd6aSR6fgU/qhKvtroi6y7G/M=
 github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/spark-on-k8s-operator v0.0.0-20200723154620-6f35a1152625 h1:cQyO5JQ2iuHnEcF3v24kdDMsgh04RjyFPDtuvD6PCE0=
 github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/spark-on-k8s-operator v0.0.0-20200723154620-6f35a1152625/go.mod h1:6PnrZv6zUDkrNMw0mIoGRmGBR7i9LulhKPmxFq4rUiM=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 h1:H65muMkzWKEuNDnfl9d70GUjFniHKHRbFPGBuZ3QEww=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2 h1:KMrpdQIwFcEqXDklaen+P1axHaj9BSKzvpUUfnHldSE=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.44.2 h1:5VBk5r06bgxgRKVaUtm1/4NT/rtrnH2E4cnAYv5zgQc=

diff --git a/flytepropeller/pkg/apis/flyteworkflow/v1alpha1/iface.go b/flytepropeller/pkg/apis/flyteworkflow/v1alpha1/iface.go
@@ -554,6 +554,10 @@ func GetOutputsFile(outputDir DataReference) DataReference {
 	return outputDir + "/outputs.pb"
 }
 
+func GetOutputsLiteralMetadataFile(literalKey string, outputDir DataReference) DataReference {
+	return outputDir + DataReference(fmt.Sprintf("/%s_offloaded_metadata.pb", literalKey))
+}
+
 func GetInputsFile(inputDir DataReference) DataReference {
 	return inputDir + "/inputs.pb"
 }

diff --git a/flytepropeller/pkg/compiler/transformers/k8s/inputs.go b/flytepropeller/pkg/compiler/transformers/k8s/inputs.go
@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@ func validateInputs(nodeID common.NodeID, iface *core.TypedInterface, inputs cor
 			continue
 		}
 
-		inputType := validators.LiteralTypeForLiteral(inputVal)
+		var inputType *core.LiteralType
+		switch inputVal.GetValue().(type) {
+		case *core.Literal_OffloadedMetadata:
+			inputType = inputVal.GetOffloadedMetadata().GetInferredType()
+		default:
+			inputType = validators.LiteralTypeForLiteral(inputVal)
+		}
 		if !validators.AreTypesCastable(inputType, v.Type) {
 			errs.Collect(errors.NewMismatchingTypesErr(nodeID, inputVar, v.Type.String(), inputType.String()))
 			continue

diff --git a/flytepropeller/pkg/controller/config/config.go b/flytepropeller/pkg/controller/config/config.go
@@ -34,12 +34,16 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/Masterminds/semver"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
 
 	"github.com/flyteorg/flyte/flytestdlib/config"
 	"github.com/flyteorg/flyte/flytestdlib/contextutils"
+	"github.com/flyteorg/flyte/flytestdlib/logger"
 )
 
 //go:generate pflags Config --default-var=defaultConfig
@@ -120,47 +124,94 @@ var (
 			EventVersion:               0,
 			DefaultParallelismBehavior: ParallelismBehaviorUnlimited,
 		},
+		LiteralOffloadingConfig: LiteralOffloadingConfig{
+			Enabled: false, // Default keep this disabled and we will followup when flytekit is released with the offloaded changes.
+			SupportedSDKVersions: map[string]string{ // The key is the SDK name (matches the supported SDK in core.RuntimeMetadata_RuntimeType)  and the value is the minimum supported version
+				"FLYTE_SDK": "1.13.5", // Expected release number with flytekit support from this PR https://github.com/flyteorg/flytekit/pull/2685
+			},
+			MinSizeInMBForOffloading: 10,   // 10 MB is the default size for offloading
+			MaxSizeInMBForOffloading: 1000, // 1 GB is the default size before failing fast.
+		},
 	}
 )
 
 // Config that uses the flytestdlib Config module to generate commandline and load config files. This configuration is
 // the base configuration to start propeller
 // NOTE: when adding new fields, do not mark them as "omitempty" if it's desirable to read the value from env variables.
 type Config struct {
-	KubeConfigPath           string               `json:"kube-config" pflag:",Path to kubernetes client config file."`
-	MasterURL                string               `json:"master"`
-	Workers                  int                  `json:"workers" pflag:",Number of threads to process workflows"`
-	WorkflowReEval           config.Duration      `json:"workflow-reeval-duration" pflag:",Frequency of re-evaluating workflows"`
-	DownstreamEval           config.Duration      `json:"downstream-eval-duration" pflag:",Frequency of re-evaluating downstream tasks"`
-	LimitNamespace           string               `json:"limit-namespace" pflag:",Namespaces to watch for this propeller"`
-	ProfilerPort             config.Port          `json:"prof-port" pflag:",Profiler port"`
-	MetadataPrefix           string               `json:"metadata-prefix,omitempty" pflag:",MetadataPrefix should be used if all the metadata for Flyte executions should be stored under a specific prefix in CloudStorage. If not specified, the data will be stored in the base container directly."`
-	DefaultRawOutputPrefix   string               `json:"rawoutput-prefix" pflag:",a fully qualified storage path of the form s3://flyte/abc/..., where all data sandboxes should be stored."`
-	Queue                    CompositeQueueConfig `json:"queue,omitempty" pflag:",Workflow workqueue configuration, affects the way the work is consumed from the queue."`
-	MetricsPrefix            string               `json:"metrics-prefix" pflag:",An optional prefix for all published metrics."`
-	MetricKeys               []string             `json:"metrics-keys" pflag:",Metrics labels applied to prometheus metrics emitted by the service."`
-	EnableAdminLauncher      bool                 `json:"enable-admin-launcher" pflag:"Enable remote Workflow launcher to Admin"`
-	MaxWorkflowRetries       int                  `json:"max-workflow-retries" pflag:"Maximum number of retries per workflow"`
-	MaxTTLInHours            int                  `json:"max-ttl-hours" pflag:"Maximum number of hours a completed workflow should be retained. Number between 1-23 hours"`
-	GCInterval               config.Duration      `json:"gc-interval" pflag:"Run periodic GC every 30 minutes"`
-	LeaderElection           LeaderElectionConfig `json:"leader-election,omitempty" pflag:",Config for leader election."`
-	PublishK8sEvents         bool                 `json:"publish-k8s-events" pflag:",Enable events publishing to K8s events API."`
-	MaxDatasetSizeBytes      int64                `json:"max-output-size-bytes" pflag:",Deprecated! Use storage.limits.maxDownloadMBs instead"`
-	EnableGrpcLatencyMetrics bool                 `json:"enable-grpc-latency-metrics" pflag:",Enable grpc latency metrics. Note Histograms metrics can be expensive on Prometheus servers."`
-	KubeConfig               KubeClientConfig     `json:"kube-client-config" pflag:",Configuration to control the Kubernetes client"`
-	NodeConfig               NodeConfig           `json:"node-config,omitempty" pflag:",config for a workflow node"`
-	MaxStreakLength          int                  `json:"max-streak-length" pflag:",Maximum number of consecutive rounds that one propeller worker can use for one workflow - >1 => turbo-mode is enabled."`
-	EventConfig              EventConfig          `json:"event-config,omitempty" pflag:",Configures execution event behavior."`
-	IncludeShardKeyLabel     []string             `json:"include-shard-key-label" pflag:",Include the specified shard key label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	ExcludeShardKeyLabel     []string             `json:"exclude-shard-key-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified shard key label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	IncludeProjectLabel      []string             `json:"include-project-label" pflag:",Include the specified project label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	ExcludeProjectLabel      []string             `json:"exclude-project-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified project label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	IncludeDomainLabel       []string             `json:"include-domain-label" pflag:",Include the specified domain label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	ExcludeDomainLabel       []string             `json:"exclude-domain-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified domain label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
-	ClusterID                string               `json:"cluster-id" pflag:",Unique cluster id running this flytepropeller instance with which to annotate execution events"`
-	CreateFlyteWorkflowCRD   bool                 `json:"create-flyteworkflow-crd" pflag:",Enable creation of the FlyteWorkflow CRD on startup"`
-	NodeExecutionWorkerCount int                  `json:"node-execution-worker-count" pflag:",Number of workers to evaluate node executions, currently only used for array nodes"`
-	ArrayNode                ArrayNodeConfig      `json:"array-node-config,omitempty" pflag:",Configuration for array nodes"`
+	KubeConfigPath           string                  `json:"kube-config" pflag:",Path to kubernetes client config file."`
+	MasterURL                string                  `json:"master"`
+	Workers                  int                     `json:"workers" pflag:",Number of threads to process workflows"`
+	WorkflowReEval           config.Duration         `json:"workflow-reeval-duration" pflag:",Frequency of re-evaluating workflows"`
+	DownstreamEval           config.Duration         `json:"downstream-eval-duration" pflag:",Frequency of re-evaluating downstream tasks"`
+	LimitNamespace           string                  `json:"limit-namespace" pflag:",Namespaces to watch for this propeller"`
+	ProfilerPort             config.Port             `json:"prof-port" pflag:",Profiler port"`
+	MetadataPrefix           string                  `json:"metadata-prefix,omitempty" pflag:",MetadataPrefix should be used if all the metadata for Flyte executions should be stored under a specific prefix in CloudStorage. If not specified, the data will be stored in the base container directly."`
+	DefaultRawOutputPrefix   string                  `json:"rawoutput-prefix" pflag:",a fully qualified storage path of the form s3://flyte/abc/..., where all data sandboxes should be stored."`
+	Queue                    CompositeQueueConfig    `json:"queue,omitempty" pflag:",Workflow workqueue configuration, affects the way the work is consumed from the queue."`
+	MetricsPrefix            string                  `json:"metrics-prefix" pflag:",An optional prefix for all published metrics."`
+	MetricKeys               []string                `json:"metrics-keys" pflag:",Metrics labels applied to prometheus metrics emitted by the service."`
+	EnableAdminLauncher      bool                    `json:"enable-admin-launcher" pflag:"Enable remote Workflow launcher to Admin"`
+	MaxWorkflowRetries       int                     `json:"max-workflow-retries" pflag:"Maximum number of retries per workflow"`
+	MaxTTLInHours            int                     `json:"max-ttl-hours" pflag:"Maximum number of hours a completed workflow should be retained. Number between 1-23 hours"`
+	GCInterval               config.Duration         `json:"gc-interval" pflag:"Run periodic GC every 30 minutes"`
+	LeaderElection           LeaderElectionConfig    `json:"leader-election,omitempty" pflag:",Config for leader election."`
+	PublishK8sEvents         bool                    `json:"publish-k8s-events" pflag:",Enable events publishing to K8s events API."`
+	MaxDatasetSizeBytes      int64                   `json:"max-output-size-bytes" pflag:",Deprecated! Use storage.limits.maxDownloadMBs instead"`
+	EnableGrpcLatencyMetrics bool                    `json:"enable-grpc-latency-metrics" pflag:",Enable grpc latency metrics. Note Histograms metrics can be expensive on Prometheus servers."`
+	KubeConfig               KubeClientConfig        `json:"kube-client-config" pflag:",Configuration to control the Kubernetes client"`
+	NodeConfig               NodeConfig              `json:"node-config,omitempty" pflag:",config for a workflow node"`
+	MaxStreakLength          int                     `json:"max-streak-length" pflag:",Maximum number of consecutive rounds that one propeller worker can use for one workflow - >1 => turbo-mode is enabled."`
+	EventConfig              EventConfig             `json:"event-config,omitempty" pflag:",Configures execution event behavior."`
+	IncludeShardKeyLabel     []string                `json:"include-shard-key-label" pflag:",Include the specified shard key label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	ExcludeShardKeyLabel     []string                `json:"exclude-shard-key-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified shard key label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	IncludeProjectLabel      []string                `json:"include-project-label" pflag:",Include the specified project label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	ExcludeProjectLabel      []string                `json:"exclude-project-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified project label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	IncludeDomainLabel       []string                `json:"include-domain-label" pflag:",Include the specified domain label in the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	ExcludeDomainLabel       []string                `json:"exclude-domain-label" pflag:",Exclude the specified domain label from the k8s FlyteWorkflow CRD label selector"`
+	ClusterID                string                  `json:"cluster-id" pflag:",Unique cluster id running this flytepropeller instance with which to annotate execution events"`
+	CreateFlyteWorkflowCRD   bool                    `json:"create-flyteworkflow-crd" pflag:",Enable creation of the FlyteWorkflow CRD on startup"`
+	NodeExecutionWorkerCount int                     `json:"node-execution-worker-count" pflag:",Number of workers to evaluate node executions, currently only used for array nodes"`
+	ArrayNode                ArrayNodeConfig         `json:"array-node-config,omitempty" pflag:",Configuration for array nodes"`
+	LiteralOffloadingConfig  LiteralOffloadingConfig `json:"literalOffloadingConfig" pflag:",config used for literal offloading."`
+}
+
+type LiteralOffloadingConfig struct {
+	Enabled bool
+	// Maps flytekit and union SDK names to minimum supported version that can handle reading offloaded literals.
+	SupportedSDKVersions map[string]string
+	// Default, 10Mbs. Determines the size of a literal at which to trigger offloading
+	MinSizeInMBForOffloading int64
+	// Fail fast threshold
+	MaxSizeInMBForOffloading int64
+}
+
+// IsSupportedSDKVersion returns true if the provided SDK and version are supported by the literal offloading config.
+func (l LiteralOffloadingConfig) IsSupportedSDKVersion(sdk string, versionString string) bool {
+	if leastSupportedVersion, ok := l.SupportedSDKVersions[sdk]; ok {
+		c, err := semver.NewConstraint(fmt.Sprintf(">= %s", leastSupportedVersion))
+		if err != nil {
+			// This should never happen
+			logger.Warnf(context.TODO(), "Failed to parse version constraint %s", leastSupportedVersion)
+			return false
+		}
+		version, err := semver.NewVersion(versionString)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This should never happen
+			logger.Warnf(context.TODO(), "Failed to parse version %s", versionString)
+			return false
+		}
+		return c.Check(version)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetSupportedSDKVersion returns the least supported version for the provided SDK.
+func (l LiteralOffloadingConfig) GetSupportedSDKVersion(sdk string) string {
+	if leastSupportedVersion, ok := l.SupportedSDKVersions[sdk]; ok {
+		return leastSupportedVersion
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 // KubeClientConfig contains the configuration used by flytepropeller to configure its internal Kubernetes Client.