Prototype: specify order of execution for System::Update callbacks

[scpeters]

🎉 New feature

Part of #2268

Summary

This is a prototype for specifying an integer priority value for a System using a <gz:system_priority/> tag in its XML content. The SystemManager parses this tag and stores vectors of system callbacks in a std::map indexed by this priority value. The prototype only implements controllable execution order for the System::Update callbacks, but should be extended to support PreUpdate and PostUpdate as well (I'm not sure it's relevant for other callbacks like Configure, ConfigureParameters, or Reset but it could be implemented for those as well).

TODO:

• Move definition of priority type, default priority, and priority element name to public System.hh header
• Apply changes to PreUpdate as well
• Retarget to Ionic and test with sensor systems
• Profile performance of sensors using PostUpdate / Update / PreUpdate

Test it

Follow the instructions for the priority_printer example to run an example world with a plugin that illustrates this feature.

Checklist

• Signed all commits for DCO
• Added tests
• Added example and/or tutorial
• Updated documentation (as needed)
• Updated migration guide (as needed)
• Consider updating Python bindings (if the library has them)
• codecheck passed (See contributing)
• All tests passed (See test coverage)
• While waiting for a review on your PR, please help review another open pull request to support the maintainers

Note to maintainers: Remember to use Squash-Merge and edit the commit message to match the pull request summary while retaining Signed-off-by messages.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.00000% with 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 65.91%. Comparing base (cffd297) to head (0fc9e66).
Report is 2 commits behind head on gz-sim8.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/SystemManager.cc	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           gz-sim8    #2394   +/-   ##
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  Coverage    65.91%   65.91%           
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  Files          327      327           
  Lines        31314    31320    +6     
========================================
+ Hits         20641    20646    +5     
- Misses       10673    10674    +1     

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[arjo129]

@scpeters I think this PR might have some minor conflicts with #2232. It might be worthwhile discussing the simulation_managers and simulation_runners internals.

On another note, is it really needed to extend this to postUpdate, given that postUpdate systems should not modify the world?

Also related: #1815

[scpeters]

I think this PR might have some minor conflicts with #2232. It might be worthwhile discussing the simulation_managers and simulation_runners internals.

yes, these will conflict; we should figure out an integrated design for both controlling system execution order and removing systems

On another note, is it really needed to extend this to postUpdate, given that postUpdate systems should not modify the world?

PostUpdate calls can have effects outside of the ECM through publishing messages, so it may be useful to group them in a specific order. It is more complicated though, so we can give it a second thought before implementing it.

Also related: #1815

Yes, I think the changes in this PR could address the concerns of #1815 without adding a new phase to the World step

[scpeters]

I think this PR might have some minor conflicts with #2232. It might be worthwhile discussing the simulation_managers and simulation_runners internals.

yes, these will conflict; we should figure out an integrated design for both controlling system execution order and removing systems

now that I've thought about it some, I think the conflicts should be resolvable. The std::map added in this pull request can store a vector of SystemHolder instead of Iface raw pointers.

[xela-95]

CC @traversaro