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# 红黑树 | ||
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> 红黑树(英语:Red–black tree)是一种自平衡二叉查找树,是在计算机科学中用到的一种数据结构,典型的用途是实现关联数组。红黑树的结构复杂,但它的操作有着良好的最坏情况运行时间,并且在实践中高效:它可以在{\displaystyle {\text{O}}(\log n)}{\displaystyle {\text{O}}(\log n)}时间内完成查找、插入和删除,这里的{\displaystyle n}n是树中元素的数目。 | ||
> 红黑树(英语:Red–black tree)是一种自平衡二叉查找树,是在计算机科学中用到的一种数据结构,典型的用途是实现关联数组。红黑树的结构复杂,但它的操作有着良好的最坏情况运行时间,并且在实践中高效:它可以在{\displaystyle {\text{O}}(\log n)}{\displaystyle {\text{O}}(\log n)}时间内完成查找、插入和删除,这里的{\displaystyle n}n是树中元素的数目。 | ||
[红黑树讲解](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0sTAhcSy0s) |
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# 布隆过滤器 | ||
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> 布隆过滤器(Bloom Filter)是1970年由布隆提出的。它实际上是一个很长的二进制向量和一系列随机映射函数。布隆过滤器可以用于检索一个元素是否在一个集合中。它的优点是空间效率和查询时间都比一般的算法要好的多,缺点是有一定的误识别率和删除困难。 | ||
### 理论基础 | ||
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如果想要判断一个元素是不是在一个集合里,一般想到的是将所有元素保存起来,然后通过比较确定。链表,树等等数据结构都是这种思路. 但是随着集合中元素的增加,我们需要的存储空间越来越大,检索速度也越来越慢(O(n),O(logn))。不过世界上还有一种叫作散列表(又叫哈希表,Hash table)的数据结构。它可以通过一个Hash函数将一个元素映射成一个位阵列(Bit array)中的一个点。这样一来,我们只要看看这个点是不是1就可以知道集合中有没有它了。这就是布隆过滤器的基本思想。 | ||
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### 优点 | ||
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相比于其它的数据结构,布隆过滤器在空间和时间方面都有巨大的优势。布隆过滤器存储空间和插入/查询时间都是常数。另外, Hash函数相互之间没有关系,方便由硬件并行实现。布隆过滤器不需要存储元素本身,在某些对保密要求非常严格的场合有优势。 | ||
布隆过滤器可以表示全集,其它任何数据结构都不能。 | ||
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### 学习资料 | ||
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[理论讲解](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skmTPIKIks4) |