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Lecture 10: Artificial General Intelligence

???

https://futureoflife.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Jurgen-Schmidhuber.pdf?x56934

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# From technological breakthroughs...
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# Singularity

Irving John Good (1965):

- Let an **ultraintelligent** machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever.
- Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could *design even better machines*.
- There would then unquestionably be an **'intelligence explosion'**, and the intelligence of man would be left far behind.
- Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the *last invention* that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control.

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# Artificial narrow intelligence

- Artificial intelligence today is still very **narrow**.
- Modern AI systems often reach super-human level performance.
- ... but only at very specific problems!
- They do not generalize to the real world nor to arbitrary tasks.
- ... but only at *very specific problems*!
- They **do not generalize** to the real world nor to arbitrary tasks.

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# AlphaGo

Convenient properties of AlphaGo:
**Convenient** properties of AlphaGo:
- *Deterministic* (no noise in the game).
- *Fully observed* (each player has complete information)
- *Discrete action space* (finite number of actions possible)
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# Picking challenge

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# Picking challenge

.center.width-100[![](figures/lec10/picking.png)]

- *Deterministic*: OK
- *Fully observed*: **OKish**
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# Where could AGI come from?
# Artificial general intelligence

XXX

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# Singularity

Irving John Good (1965):

- Let an **ultraintelligent** machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever.
- Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could *design even better machines*.
- There would then unquestionably be an **'intelligence explosion'**, and the intelligence of man would be left far behind.
- Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the *last invention* that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control.

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# When computers get smarter than we are

.center[
<iframe width="640" height="420" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MnT1xgZgkpk?&loop=1&start=0" frameborder="0" volume="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]

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# How to build AGI?

Several working **hypothesis**:
- *Supervised learning*: "It works, just scale up!"
- *Unsupervised learning*: "It will work, if we only scale up!"
- *AIXI*: "Guys, I can write down optimal AI."
- *Brain simulation*: "This will work one day, right?"
- *AIXI*: "Guys, I can write down optimal AI."
- *Artificial life*: "Let just do what Nature did."

Or maybe something else?

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# Supervised learning
class: middle, center

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# AIXI

# Unsupervised learning
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# AIXI
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# Artificial life

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# Brain simulation
???

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_life

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# Artificial Life
class: middle, center

# Conclusions

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# Something else?
# Don't fear intelligent machines

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<iframe width="640" height="420" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NP8xt8o4_5Q?&loop=1&start=0" frameborder="0" volume="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]

# Further readings
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- Add ref to Karpathy's slides
- Bostrom book
# Going further

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