feat(storage): AWS backend using thanos.io/objstore

[JoaoBraveCoding]

What this PR does / why we need it:

This PR adds support to use the thanos.io/objstore backend for the AWS provider for all components excluding the Ruler since it's similar to the work done in #11132.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

• We tried to the best of our efforts to preserve feature parity so the new backend still uses the ObjectClient interface
• Fix how some CLI variables we being passed (some HTTP CLI variables were under .http while others weren't)
• Thanos.io/objstore doesn't support all the CLI flags Loki supports nowadays (see snippet below)
• This PR was inspired by the way Mimir uses thanos.io/objstore with the goal of making this part of the codebase as similar as possible

CLI Table

s3.bucket (new, before it was buckets)
s3.endpoint
s3.region
s3.access-key-id
s3.secret-access-key
s3.session-token
s3.insecure
s3.storage-class 
s3.sse
s3.http.idle-conn-timeout
s3.http.response-header-timeout
s3.http.insecure-skip-verify
s3.http.ca-file
s3.signature-version (possible but I've deprecated it)

NOT PRESENT AT THE MOMENT
s3.url (replaced by endpoint)
s3.force-path-style (deprecated since we use endpoint)
s3.buckets
s3.http.timeout (only possible if we were to always pass full transport)
s3.min-backoff (Would need objstore patch)
s3.max-backoff (Would need objstore patch)
s3.max-retries (Would need objstore patch)

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• CHANGELOG.md updated
  • If the change is worth mentioning in the release notes, add add-to-release-notes label
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• For Helm chart changes bump the Helm chart version in production/helm/loki/Chart.yaml and update production/helm/loki/CHANGELOG.md and production/helm/loki/README.md. Example PR
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[github-actions]

Trivy scan found the following vulnerabilities:

• HIGH openssl: Incorrect cipher key and IV length processing in libcrypto3 v3.1.3-r0. Fixed in v3.1.4-r0
• HIGH openssl: Incorrect cipher key and IV length processing in libssl3 v3.1.3-r0. Fixed in v3.1.4-r0

[JoaoBraveCoding]

On pkg/storage/bucket/client.go we should also uncomment lines 88 to 90.

[chaudum]

Suggested change

	f.DurationVar(&cfg.IdleConnTimeout, prefix+"s3.http.idle-conn-timeout", 90*time.Second, "The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.")
	s3prefix := prefix + "s3."
	f.DurationVar(&cfg.IdleConnTimeout, s3prefix+"http.idle-conn-timeout", 90*time.Second, "The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.")

[chaudum]

You could also pass the prefix + "s3." as prefix here.