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๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€๐ŸŽ“ [์„์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ] ์ ์™ธ์„  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ WISE๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ

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NEOWISE Young Stellar Object variability analyses

PandasMatplotlibAstropy

๐Ÿ”ญ ๐Ÿ’ซ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ WISE๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ Astrophysical Journal์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํฌ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ python3๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ • ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. analysis_notebooks/WISE-YSO-analysis-1.ipynb
    ๊ด€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต
  2. analysis_notebooks/WISE-YSO-analysis-2.ipynb
    ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜
  3. analysis_notebooks/WISE-YSO-analysis-3.ipynb
    ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์„ค๋ช…

Introduction - ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œ๊ฐœ

Jets Protrude from a Young Stellar Object

์•ฝ 50์–ต๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์›์‹œ์„ฑ (Young Stellar Objects, YSOs)์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€ 1000๋งŒ๋…„์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‘ฅ์‘ฅ ์ž๋ผ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ•์ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์‹œ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณ„ ํ˜น์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ตœ๊ทผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ 5400๊ฐœ์˜ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ธ WISE์˜ NEOWISE ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€์ธก ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” outlier ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„์„์— ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •์ œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰, ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ feature๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ํ›„, ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ feature๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ Linear, Curved, Periodic, Burst, Drop, Irregular (์„ ํ˜•, ๊ณก์„ ํ˜•, ์ฃผ๊ธฐํ˜•, ํญ๋ฐœ - ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊นœ๋นก์ž„ - ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™) ์˜ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ Linear ์ฆ๊ฐ€, Linear ๊ฐ์†Œ, Curved, Periodic ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Variable Types

๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Class 0/I - Class II - Class III ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด„ํ˜ธ () ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋Œ€๋น„ % ์ธ๋ฐ, Class 0/I ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด 54.8%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

table2

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ (ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•จ) ์ด x์ถ•, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ™” ํญ์ด y์ถ•์ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ P (Class 0/I, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰) ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

table2

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์‹œ์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ง„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌ๊ณ  ์„ ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€๐ŸŽ“ [์„์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ] ์ ์™ธ์„  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ WISE๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์›์‹œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ

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