Merge pull request mouredev#6316 from Sac-Corts/main

#00, #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9, #10, #11, #12, #13, #14, #15, #16, #17, #18, #19, #20, #21, #22, #23, #24, #25, #26, #27, #28, #29, mouredev#30 - TypeScript

Roadmap/00 - SINTAXIS, VARIABLES, TIPOS DE DATOS Y HOLA MUNDO/typescript/Sac-Corts.ts

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+// https://www.typescriptlang.org/ 
+// Single-line comment
+
+/*
+ * Multi-line comment
+ * Explaining the purpose of the code
+ * or any other revelant information
+ */
+
+// Declaring a variable
+let language: string = "TypeScript";
+
+// Declaring a constant
+const version: string = "5.5.4";
+
+// Declaring variables representing different primitive data types
+let text: string = "This is a string"; // String
+let number: number = 43; // Number (integer or decimal)
+let boolean: boolean = true; // Boolean
+
+// Undefined and null are also considered types in TypeScript
+let undefinedVar: undefined = undefined; //Undefined
+let nullVar: null = null; // Null
+
+console.log(`Hello, ${language}!`);

Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/typescript/Sac-Corts.ts

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+// Arithmetic Operators
+let c: number = 10;
+let b: number = 5;
+console.log("Addition:", c + b);
+console.log("Subtraction:", c - b);
+console.log("Multiplication:", c * b);
+console.log("Division:", c / b);
+console.log("Modulus:", c % b);
+console.log("Exponentiation:", c ** b);
+
+// Logical Operators
+let isTrue: boolean = true;
+let isFalse: boolean = false;
+console.log("AND (&&):", isTrue && isFalse);
+console.log("OR (||):", isTrue || isFalse);
+console.log("NOT (!):", !isTrue);
+
+// Comparison Operators
+console.log("Equal (==):", c == b);
+console.log("Not equal (!=):", c != b);
+console.log("Strict equal (===):", c === b);
+console.log("Strict not equal (!==):", c !== b);
+console.log("Greater than (>):", c > b);
+console.log("Less than (<):", c < b);
+console.log("Greater than or equal (>=):", c >= b);
+console.log("Less than or equal (<=):", c <= b);
+
+// Assignment Operators
+let x: number = 10;
+x += 5;
+console.log("x after x += 5:", x);
+x -= 3;
+console.log("x after x -= 5:", x);
+x *= 2;
+console.log("x after x *= 2:", x);
+x /= 4;
+console.log("x after x /= 4:", x);
+x **= 2;
+console.log("x after x **= 2:", x);
+x %= 2;
+console.log("x after x %= 2:", x);
+
+// Bitwise Operators
+let bitA: number = 5; // Binary: 0101
+let bitB: number = 3; // Binary: 0011
+console.log("Bitwise AND(&):", bitA & bitB);
+console.log("Bitwise OR(|):", bitA | bitB);
+console.log("Bitwise XOR(^):", bitA ^ bitB);
+console.log("Bitwise NOT(~):", ~bitA);
+console.log("Left shift(<<):", bitA << 1);
+console.log("Right shift(>>):", bitA >> 1);
+
+// Control Structures //
+// If-else statement
+if (c > b) {
+    console.log("c is greater than b");
+} else {
+    console.log("c is not greater than b");
+}
+
+// Ternary Operator
+let max = c > b ? c : b;
+console.log("Max value:", max);
+
+// Switch-case statement
+let day: number = 2;
+switch(day) {
+    case 1: 
+        console.log("It's Monday");
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        console.log("It's Tuesday");
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        console.log("It's Wednesday");
+        break;
+}
+
+// While loop
+let _count: number = 0;
+while (_count < 3) {
+    console.log("While loop count:", _count);
+    _count++;
+}
+
+// For loop
+for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    console.log("For loop iteration:", i);
+}
+
+// Do-while loop
+let doCount: number = 0;
+do {
+    console.log("Do-while loop count:", doCount);
+    doCount++;
+} while (doCount < 3);
+
+// Try-catch (Exception Handling)
+try {
+    let result = c / 0;
+    if (!isFinite(result)) {
+        throw new Error("Cannot divide by zero");
+    }
+} catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof Error) {
+        console.log(error.message);
+    }
+} finally {
+    console.log("Finally block executed");
+}
+
+// *** Extra Exercise *** //
+
+for (let i = 10; i <= 55; i++) {
+    if (i % 2 == 0 && i % 3 !== 0 && i !== 16) {
+        console.log(i);
+    }
+}

Roadmap/02 - FUNCIONES Y ALCANCE/typescript/Sac-Corts.ts

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+// Function with no parameters and no return
+function greet(): void {
+    console.log("Hello, welcome to TypeScript!");
+}
+
+// Function with one parameter and no return
+function greetUser(name: string): void {
+    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
+}
+
+// Function with multiple parameters and no return
+function addNumbers(a: number, b: number): void {
+    console.log(`The sum of ${a} and ${b} is ${a + b}`);
+}
+
+// Function with one parameter and a return value
+function square(num: number): number {
+    return num * num;
+}
+
+// Function with multiple parameters and a return value
+function multiplyNumbers(a: number, b: number): number {
+    return a * b;
+}
+
+// Nested Functions 
+function outerFunction(): void {
+    console.log("This is the outer function");
+
+    // Inner function
+    function innerFunction(): void {
+        console.log("This is the inner function");
+    }
+
+    innerFunction();
+}
+
+// Built-in Functions
+function calculateCircleArea(radius: number): number {
+    return Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2);
+} 
+
+// Testing local and global variables
+// Global variable
+let globalVar = "I'm a global variable";
+
+function testVariableScope(): void {
+    // Local variable
+    let localVar = "I'm a local variable";
+
+    console.log(globalVar);
+    console.log(localVar);
+
+    globalVar = "Global variable modified inside the function";
+}
+
+greet(); // Function without parameters and no return
+greetUser("Isaac"); // Function with one parameter and no return
+addNumbers(5, 7); // Function with multiple parameters and no return
+console.log(`Square of 4 is: ${square(4)}`); // Function with one parameter and return value
+console.log(`Multiplication of 3 and 6 is: ${multiplyNumbers(3, 6)}`); // Function with multiple parameters and return value
+
+outerFunction(); // Calls outer and inner function
+
+console.log(`Area of circle with radius 5 is: ${calculateCircleArea(5)}`); // Uses Math functions
+
+testVariableScope();
+console.log(globalVar);
+// console.log(localVar); Error: localVar is not defined outside the function
+
+
+// *** Extra Exercise *** //
+function printNumbersWithText(string1: string, string2: string): number  {
+    let counter = 0;
+
+    for (let i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+        if (i % 3 === 0 && i % 5 === 0) {
+            console.log(string1 + string2);
+        } else if (i % 3 === 0) {
+            console.log(string1);
+        } else if (i % 5 === 0) {
+            console.log(string2);
+        } else {
+            console.log(i);
+            counter++;
+        }
+    }
+    return counter;
+}
+
+const times = printNumbersWithText("Fizz", "Buzz");
+console.log(`The number was printed ${times} times`);