Add sanity checks for protocol params

tips/TIP-0049/tip-0049.md

@@ -474,6 +474,10 @@ other nodes and to process blocks properly.
   </tr>
 </table>
 
+When referring to Protocol Parameters contained in subschemas in other TIPs, one may use namespacing with a `::`
+separator for disambiguation. For instance, `Work Score Parameters::Block` refers to the `Block` parameter inside the
+`Work Score Parameters`.
+
 ## Protocol Parameters Hash
 
 The Protocol Parameters Hash is used in signaling protocol parameters upgrades and is a field in the Validation Block.
@@ -483,6 +487,42 @@ The Protocol Parameters Hash is computed as follows:
 - Let `Protocol Parameters Bytes` be the serialized protocol parameters.
 - Let the protocol parameters hash be the BLAKE2b-256 hash over `Protocol Parameters Bytes`.
 
+## Sanity Checks
+
+The Protocol Parameters do not have strict syntactic validation, but _sanity checks_ instead. These codify the
+assumptions about how certain parameters are intended to work together.
+
+Because these checks do not have to be run upon serialization or deserialization and the checks are only _recommended_
+to be implemented, the wording is _should_ rather than _must_, in line with the language proposed by
+[RFC 2119](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119).
+
+- `Mana Parameters` checks:
+  - The `Maximum Mana Supply` should not be greater or equal to <code>2<sup>Bits Count</sup></code>, where the former is
+    defined as:
+    - Let `Beta` be <code>-Log<sub>n</sub>(Annual Decay Factor Percentage)</code>.
+    - Let `Epoch Duration In Years` be <code>Slot Duration in Seconds * 2<sup>Slots Per Epoch Exponent</sup> / (365 *
+      24 * 60 * 60)</code>.
+    - Let `Maximum Mana Supply` be <code>21 * Token Supply * Generation Rate * 2<sup>Slots Per Epoch Exponent -
+      Generation Rate Exponent</sup> / (Beta * Epoch Duration In Years)</code>.
+  - `Decay Factor Epochs Sum * uint32(Generation Rate)` should not overflow a `uint32`.
+- Time checks:
+  - `Liveness Threshold Lower Bound In Seconds` should be less than or equal to
+    `Liveness Threshold Upper Bound In Seconds`.
+  - `Liveness Threshold Upper Bound In Seconds` should be strictly less than
+    `Min Committable Age * Slot Duration In Seconds`.
+  - `Min Committable Age` should be strictly less than `Max Committable Age`.
+  - `Max Committable Age` should be strictly less than `Epoch Nearing Threshold`.
+  - `Epoch Duration In Slots` should be strictly greater than `Epoch Nearing Threshold`, where:
+    - `Epoch Duration In Slots` is <code>2<sup>Slots Per Epoch Exponent</sup></code>.
+- `Congestion Control Parameters` checks:
+  - `Increase Threshold` should be less than or equal to `Scheduler Rate * Slot Duration In Seconds`.
+  - `Decrease Threshold` should be less than or equal to `Scheduler Rate * Slot Duration In Seconds`.
+  - `Decrease Threshold` should be less than or equal to `Increase Threshold`.
+- `Rewards Parameters` checks:
+  - `Token Supply Bits Count + Pool Coefficient Exponent` should be less than or equal to `64`, where:
+    - `Token Supply Bits Count` is <code>uint8(Log<sub>2</sub>(Token Supply)) + 1</code>.
+  - `Validation Blocks Per Slot` should be less than or equal to `32`.
+
 # Test Vectors
 
 ## Protocol Parameters Hash