Update to Go 1.23

[lucacome]

This pull request includes several updates to the GitHub Actions workflows, Dockerfile, and documentation to modernize dependencies and improve the build process. The most important changes include updating the Go version, modifying GitHub Actions to use newer versions, and updating the Dockerfile and documentation accordingly.

GitHub Actions Updates:

• .github/dependabot.yml: Added configuration for Dependabot to automate dependency updates for GitHub Actions, Go modules, and Docker.
• .github/workflows/go.yml: Updated the Go setup action to use version 5 and changed the Go version to 1.23.
• .github/workflows/integration.yml: Updated the checkout action to version 4.
• .github/workflows/publish.yml: Updated the checkout action to version 4 and the Docker Buildx setup action to version 3.
• .github/workflows/test.yml: Updated the Go setup action to use version 5, changed the Go version to 1.23, and improved the test command to include race detection and shuffling.

Dockerfile Update:

• Dockerfile: Updated the base image to use Go 1.23 and removed the go get command as it is no longer necessary.

Documentation Update:

• README.md: Updated references to Go 1.13 to Go 1.23 and adjusted the example commands accordingly.

Module Initialization:

• go.mod: Initialized the Go module and set the Go version to 1.23.2.