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kekeandzeyu committed Sep 25, 2024
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60 changes: 30 additions & 30 deletions Writerside/topics/C-Programming.md
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Expand Up @@ -803,15 +803,15 @@ int main() {

#### 5.1 Auto

<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p>When a type name is too long and a simpler alias makes the
code more readable, use it.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In libraries there is a common name for a type within each
class. Example:</p>
<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p>vector::iterator, map::iterator, string::iterator</p>
</li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -927,10 +927,10 @@ std::vector&lt;int&gt; v2{3, 10} // v2 = {3, 10}

#### 6.1 Sequence Containers

<p><format color = "DarkOrange">Sequence Containers:</format> Containers
<p><format color="DarkOrange">Sequence Containers:</format> Containers
which provide access to sequences of elements.</p>

<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p><code>std::vector&lt;T&gt;</code></p>
</li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ changeable size.</p>
<p>Fast, lightweight & intuitive.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Grow efficiently <format color = "GreenYellow">in one direction
<p>Grow efficiently <format color="GreenYellow">in one direction
</format>.</p>
</li>
</list>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ stores pointers to the beginning of each chunk.</p>
</li>
</list>

<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Disadvantages:</format> </p>
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Disadvantages:</format> </p>

<list type="bullet">
<li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ index.</p>
<p><code>std::set&lt;int&gt;::iterator iter = mySet.begin()</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><format color = "Fuchsia">Dereference iterator to read value
<p><format color="Fuchsia">Dereference iterator to read value
currently pointed to:</format> </p>
<p><code>int val = *iter</code></p>
</li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1175,15 +1175,15 @@ if (iter1 == iter2) { cout &lt;&lt; "Equal" &lt;&lt; endl; } // Equal
<p>Same as forward iterators, plus can go backwards with the decrement
operator (--).</p>

<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Use cases:</format> <code>std::map
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Use cases:</format> <code>std::map
</code>, <code>std::set</code>, <code>std::list</code></p>

##### 6.4.5 Random Access Iterators

<p>Same as bidirectional iterators, plus can be implemented or
decremented by arbitrary amounts using + and -.</p>

<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Use cases:</format> <code>std::vector
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Use cases:</format> <code>std::vector
</code>, <code>std::deque</code>, <code>std::string</code></p>

### 7 Templates
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1334,14 +1334,14 @@ store any callable object as long as it matches the signature.</p>
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Benefit: </format></p>
<list type="alpha-lower">
<li>
<p><format color = "Fuchsia">Type Erasure for Flexibility:</format> It
<p><format color="Fuchsia">Type Erasure for Flexibility:</format> It
lets you work with different callable objects through a common
interface. You can pass <code>std::function</code> objects to functions
or store them in data structures without knowing the exact type of the
underlying callable.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><format color = "Fuchsia">Enables Polymorphism with Callables:
<p><format color="Fuchsia">Enables Polymorphism with Callables:
</format> You can have a function that accepts a std::function as a
parameter, allowing it to work with different lambda functions or other
callable types at runtime.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1922,8 +1922,8 @@ int MyClass::getMyVariable() {
<p>Historically, used .C</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Now, Unix most uses <format color = "OrangeRed">.cc</format>,
and outside Unix mostly uses <format color = "OrangeRed">.cpp
<p>Now, Unix most uses <format color="OrangeRed">.cc</format>,
and outside Unix mostly uses <format color="OrangeRed">.cpp
</format></p>
</li>
<li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2461,7 +2461,7 @@ StringVector findAllWords(const string& filename) {
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Value References</td>
<td><p>An <format color = "OrangeRed">l-value</format>
<td><p>An <format color="OrangeRed">l-value</format>
reference can bind to an l-value.</p>
<code-block lang="C++">
auto& ptr2 = (ptr += 3);
Expand All @@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@ StringVector findAllWords(const string& filename) {
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><p>A <format color = "Plum">const</format>
<td colspan="2"><p>A <format color="Plum">const</format>
<format color="OrangeRed">l-value</format> reference can bind to
either l or r-value.</p>
<code-block lang="C++">
Expand All @@ -2491,7 +2491,7 @@ StringVector findAllWords(const string& filename) {
are these weird things called gl-values, pr-values, x-values, ...</p>
</note>
<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Examples:</format> </p>
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Examples:</format> </p>
```C++
int val = 2; // val: lvalue, 2: rvalue
Expand All @@ -2509,7 +2509,7 @@ val = static_cast<int>(size); // val: lvalue, static_cast<int>(size): rvalue
<p>BUT the r-value reference itself is an l-value</p>
</warning>

<img src = "../images_c/c12-1.png" alt = "Value References"/>
<img src="../images_c/c12-1.png" alt="Value References"/>

#### 12.2 Move Semantics

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2591,15 +2591,15 @@ const data = fs.readFileSync('file.txt', 'utf8'); // fs. is namespace

#### 13.1 Overriding and Overloading

<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Definition:</format> </p>
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Definition:</format> </p>

<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p><format color = "DarkOrange">Overloading</format>: Methods with the
<p><format color="DarkOrange">Overloading</format>: Methods with the
same name but different signature.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><format color = "DarkOrange">Overriding</format>: A subclass to
<p><format color="DarkOrange">Overriding</format>: A subclass to
provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided
by its parent class or interface.</p>
</li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2692,7 +2692,7 @@ public class Main {

<note>
<p>To look up a name in a class: </p>
<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p>If it names an attribute in the class, return the
attribute value.</p>
Expand All @@ -2706,15 +2706,15 @@ public class Main {

<tip>
<p>For Java, better use <code>@Override</code> !</p>
<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Reasons:</format> </p>
<list type = "bullet">
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Reasons:</format> </p>
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p><format color = "Fuchsia">Protect against typos:</format> If
<p><format color="Fuchsia">Protect against typos:</format> If
you say <code>@Override</code>, but the method isn't actually overriding
anything, you will get a compile error.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><format color = "Fuchsia">Reminder:</format> Reminds programmer
<p><format color="Fuchsia">Reminder:</format> Reminds programmer
that method definition came from somewhere higher up in the inheritance
hierarchy.</p>
</li>
Expand All @@ -2723,12 +2723,12 @@ hierarchy.</p>

#### 13.2 Types of Inheritance

<p><format color = "BlueViolet">Interface Inheritance: </format></p>
<p><format color="BlueViolet">Interface Inheritance: </format></p>
<p>Specifying the capabilities of a subclass.</p>

<list type = "bullet">
<list type="bullet">
<li>
<p><format color = "DarkOrange">Interface:</format> The list of all
<p><format color="DarkOrange">Interface:</format> The list of all
method signatures.</p>
</li>
<li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2824,7 +2824,7 @@ public class Circle implements Shape {
}
```

<p><format color = "DarkOrange">Implementation Inheritance:</format>
<p><format color="DarkOrange">Implementation Inheritance:</format>
Subclasses can inherit signatures AND implementation.</p>

<p><format color="BlueViolet">Examples:</format> </p>
Expand Down
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