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<h1>The Lagrangian and Calculus of Uariations</h1>
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<h1>The Lagrangian and Calculus of Uariations<a class="headerlink" href="#the-lagrangian-and-calculus-of-uariations" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>Let’s begin with motivation of the use of calculus of variations in physics by Fermat’s Principle.</p>
<p>Let’s begin with motivation of the use of calculus of variations in physics by Fermat’s Principle.</p>
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<h2>Fermat’s Principle - Path of Least Time<a class="headerlink" href="#fermat-s-principle-path-of-least-time" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<h1>Fermat’s Principle - Path of Least Time<a class="headerlink" href="#fermat-s-principle-path-of-least-time" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>Fermat’s principle is a successful explanation of Snell’s Law. The principle states that light wishes to travel the least time and to do so when changing medium, light wishes to get out of the slow medium as fast as possible; this is done by traveling at an angle where the path length in the slower medium is the shortest.</p>
<p>The length between two points in a plane follows the equation,</p>
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<p>To get the the Lagrangian, unfortunately we need more calculus. We need calculus of variations which starts out by learning about functional derivatives.</p>
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<h1>Functional Derivatives<a class="headerlink" href="#functional-derivatives" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>A function is formally defined as taking some value input that lives in the one space to another value that lives in possibly another.</p>
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\[
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\end{split}\]</div>
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<h2>Lagrangian and the Principle of Least Action<a class="headerlink" href="#lagrangian-and-the-principle-of-least-action" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<h1>Lagrangian and the Principle of Least Action<a class="headerlink" href="#lagrangian-and-the-principle-of-least-action" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>Now, the <strong>Lagrangian</strong> is a function that is simply the difference between work and potential. Intuitively though not commonly phrased, the Lagrangian amount of activity relative to its potential.</p>
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\[
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\frac{\delta S}{\delta x(t)} = 0
\end{split}\]</div>
<p>This relation states that objects prefer to choose a trajectory <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(x(t)\)</span> that gives an extreme (or stationary) action. Intuitively this extrema should be the minimum (this is not always the case) thus this relation is called the <strong>principle of least action</strong>.</p>
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