This open-source digital repository stores the most up-to-date data and metadata on extant Inka-style khipus from archaeological sites in the Andes, as well as museums around the world. Inka khipus were unique pre-Columbian, Andean recording devices that used three-dimensional signs -- primarily knots, cords, and colors -- as symbols functionally akin to those of early writing systems in other cultures. Spanish chronicles, as well as contemporary khipu studies indicate that the Inka used khipus to record everything from accounting records to historical narratives. The khipu recording system remains undeciphered, however. The purpose of this repository is to enable computational khipu research and Inka khipu decipherment efforts.
Currently, data is stored in a serverless SQLite relational database (khipu.db) that contains all known khipu data recorded and published by Inka khipu scholars. A list of known contributors is available here in the repository. If you have recorded khipu data in the database, but are not listed, please contact us ([email protected]).
The data in this repository will continue to be updated as more is learned about khipus and additional khipus become available for study. All new releases and changes to the repository are overseen by the Open Khipu Repository Advisory Board ([email protected]), currently consisting of Carrie Brezine, Jon Clindaniel, Iván Ghezzi, Sabine Hyland, and Manuel Medrano. The repository is administered by the Open Khipu Research Laboratory, under the direction of Jon Clindaniel ([email protected]).
A part of the OKR Advisory Board's mission is to positively influence the field of khipu studies in ways that are inclusive and respectful of all interested scholars. We recognize that the data in the OKR were not collected in a vacuum. The existence of the OKR is a result of power structures within the global discipline of Anthropology and of academia more generally. The data compiled here reflect funding disparities between scholars at different levels and between institutions in different countries. They reflect geographic privilege and economic privilege, for instance in scholars' disparate access to travel. The OKR is itself one artifact of colonialist Archaeology and Anthropology as practiced by North American and European scholars. It is also a product of unfortunate linguistic distancing -- we are well aware that native speakers of Andean languages have so far had little involvement in collecting the data in the OKR. We hope to change this as the field of khipu studies continues to evolve.
In the wake of recent allegations of widespread sexual harassment within the field of khipu studies, Andean studies, Anthropology, and academia generally, the OKR board wishes to make it clear that we do not tolerate sexual harassment by members of the board or by those with whom we collaborate. We deplore the role that sexual exploitation and abuse have played in the compilation of this database in the past. We unequivocally condemn all forms of gender-based harassment and abuse. We do not tolerate discrimination based on sexual identity, gender, nationality, or ethnic identity. The OKR recognizes the patriarchal colonialist legacy of Anthropology and related disciplines, and we will actively work against the perpetuation of colonialist norms in Andean Studies.
Our goal is to make the field of khipu studies open, inclusive, and safe for all scholars. To achieve that:
- We will not collaborate with scholars against whom there are credible allegations of sexual harassment.
- We will not collaborate with scholars against whom there are credible allegations of bullying or other identity-based discrimination or harassment.
- We recognize that khipu are not solely Peruvian. We will use language that does not exclude other Andean countries that consider khipu a part of their material heritage.
- We will include Andean scholars on the board whenever possible.
- We are in the process of implementing a more neutral khipu identification system that does not privilege the initials of scholars in each khipu name.
- We will actively work towards making the OKR available to all scholars with interest, recognizing that true accessibility will take time.
- We will commit to making OKR documentation publicly accessible and available in multiple languages, beginning with English and Spanish.
If you use this repository for a scientific publication, we would appreciate it if you cited our Zenodo DOI (see the "Cite as" section on our Zenodo page for more details).