[12.x] Add validation to cron expression components #43325

Job	Run time
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 10.5 - prefer-lowest - Windows	2m 17s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-lowest	1m 59s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 10.5 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 16s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 11.0.1 - prefer-lowest - Windows	2m 13s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-stable	1m 47s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 11.0.1 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 17s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-lowest	1m 46s
PHP 8.2 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-stable	1m 47s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 10.5 - prefer-lowest - Windows	2m 15s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-lowest	1m 44s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 10.5 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 13s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-stable	1m 54s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 11.0.1 - prefer-lowest - Windows	2m 16s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 11.0.1 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 16s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-lowest	1m 55s
PHP 8.3 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-stable	1m 48s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 10.5 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 17s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 11.0.1 - prefer-stable - Windows	2m 16s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-lowest	1m 38s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 10.5.12 - prefer-stable	52s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-lowest	39s
PHP 8.4 - PHPUnit 11.3.2 - prefer-stable	49s
	41m 14s

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