[11.x] Fix validated method

[nshiro]

If we manually create a validator instance and use the validated or safe method without validating first, there is a chance that we will get incorrect data.

Below is an example.

Route::post('/', function (Request $request) {
    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
        'name' => ['required', 'string'],
        'address' => ['required', 'string'],
    ]);

    $data = $validator->safe()->all();

    dd($data);
});

There is no passes or validate method above, but still this somehow works as people expect, because the framework checks if there are any validation errors.

But this validated method has a little problem because the invalid method that the validated method uses only returns the data that people actually send.

For example, in the code above, you will still get data even if some bad guy doesn't send the name field at all.

This is more of a bug fix, but I'm sending this PR to master because if you already have potential bugs, this PR affects them.

Example.

Route::post('/', function (Request $request) {
    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
        'name' => ['required', 'string'],
        'address' => ['required', 'string'],
        'field_people_never_send' => ['required', 'string'],   // This is  a bug.
    ]);

    $data = $validator->safe()->all();

    dd($data);
});