Merge pull request #3543 from karthikeyad-pnnl/issue3492_DirectEvapor…

…ativeCooler

Issue3492 direct evaporative cooler

Buildings/Fluid/Humidifiers/EvaporativeCoolers/Baseclasses/DirectCalculations.mo

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+within Buildings.Fluid.Humidifiers.EvaporativeCoolers.Baseclasses;
+block DirectCalculations
+  "Calculates the water vapor mass flow rate of a direct evaporative coolder"
+
+  replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
+    "Medium";
+
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Area padAre
+    "Area of the rigid media evaporative pad";
+
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Length dep
+    "Depth of the rigid media evaporative pad";
+
+  parameter Real effCoe[11] = {0.792714, 0.958569, -0.25193, -1.03215, 0.0262659,
+                               0.914869, -1.48241, -0.018992, 1.13137, 0.0327622,
+                               -0.145384}
+    "Coefficients for evaporative medium efficiency calculation";
+
+  Real eff(
+    final unit="1")
+    "Evaporative humidifier efficiency";
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput V_flow(
+    final unit="m3/s",
+    displayUnit="m3/s",
+    final quantity = "VolumeFlowRate")
+    "Air volume flow rate"
+    annotation (
+      Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,-20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-120,-20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TDryBulIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Dry bulb temperature of the inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-120,20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TWetBulIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Wet bulb temperature of the inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-120,60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput p(
+    final unit="Pa",
+    displayUnit="Pa",
+    final quantity="AbsolutePressure")
+    "Pressure"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,-60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-120,-60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealOutput dmWat_flow(
+    final unit="kg/s",
+    displayUnit="kg/s",
+    final quantity="MassFlowRate")
+    "Water vapor mass flow rate difference between inlet and outlet"
+    annotation (Placement(
+     visible=true,
+     transformation(
+       origin={120,0},
+       extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+       rotation=0),
+     iconTransformation(
+       origin={120,0},
+       extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+       rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Fluid.Humidifiers.EvaporativeCoolers.Baseclasses.Xi_TDryBulTWetBul
+    XiOut(redeclare package Medium = Medium)
+    "Water vapor mass fraction at the outlet";
+
+  Buildings.Fluid.Humidifiers.EvaporativeCoolers.Baseclasses.Xi_TDryBulTWetBul
+    XiIn(redeclare package Medium =  Medium)
+    "Water vapor mass fraction at the inlet";
+
+  Modelica.Units.SI.Velocity vel
+    "Air velocity";
+
+  Modelica.Units.SI.ThermodynamicTemperature TDryBulOut(
+    displayUnit="degC")
+    "Dry bulb temperature of the outlet air";
+
+protected
+  parameter Medium.ThermodynamicState sta_default=Medium.setState_pTX(
+    T=Medium.T_default, p=Medium.p_default, X=Medium.X_default)
+    "Default state of medium";
+  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rho_default=Medium.density(sta_default)
+    "Density, used to compute fluid volume";
+
+equation
+  vel =abs(V_flow)/padAre;
+  eff = effCoe[1] + effCoe[2]*(dep) + effCoe[3]*(vel)  + effCoe[4]*(dep^2) +
+    effCoe[5]*(vel^2) + effCoe[6]*(dep*vel)  + effCoe[7]*(vel*dep^2) +
+    effCoe[8]*(dep*vel^3) + effCoe[9]*(dep^3*vel) + effCoe[10]*(vel^3*dep^2) +
+    effCoe[11]*(dep^3*vel^2);
+  TDryBulOut = TDryBulIn - eff*(TDryBulIn - TWetBulIn);
+  connect(TDryBulIn, XiIn.TDryBul);
+  connect(TWetBulIn, XiIn.TWetBul);
+  connect(p, XiIn.p);
+  connect(TWetBulIn, XiOut.TWetBul);
+  connect(p, XiOut.p);
+  TDryBulOut = XiOut.TDryBul;
+  dmWat_flow = (XiOut.Xi[1] - XiIn.Xi[1])*V_flow*rho_default;
+  annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
+  <p>Block that calculates the water vapor mass flow rate addition in the 
+  direct evaporative cooler component. The calculations are based on the direct 
+  evaporative cooler model in the Engineering Reference document from EnergyPlus v23.1.0.</p>
+  <p>
+  The effectiveness of the evaporative media <code>eff</code> is calculated using 
+  the curve</p>
+  <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\">
+  eff = effCoe[1] + effCoe[2]*(dep) + effCoe[3]*(vel)  + effCoe[4]*(dep<sup>2</sup>) +
+    effCoe[5]*(vel<sup>2</sup>) + effCoe[6]*(dep*vel)  + effCoe[7]*(vel*dep<sup>2</sup>) +
+    effCoe[8]*(dep*vel<sup>3</sup>) + effCoe[9]*(dep<sup>3</sup>*vel) + effCoe[10]*(vel<sup>3</sup>*dep<sup>2</sup>) +
+    effCoe[11]*(dep<sup>3</sup>*vel<sup>2</sup>)</p>
+    <p>
+    where <code>effCoe</code> is the evaporative efficiency coefficients for the media,
+    <code>vel</code> is the velocity of the fluid media, and <code>dep</code> is the
+    depth of the evaporative media.<br>
+    <code>vel</code> is calculated from the volume flowrate <code>V_flow</code> and
+    evaporative media cross-sectional area <code>padAre</code> using
+    </p>
+    <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\">
+    vel = V_flow/padAre</p>
+    <p>
+    The outlet air drybulb temperature <code>TDryBulOut</code> is calculated using the heat-balance equation
+    </p>
+    <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\">
+    TDryBulOut = TDryBulIn - eff*(TDryBulIn - TWetBulIn)</p>
+    <p>
+    where <code>TDryBulIn</code> is the inlet air drybulb temperature and 
+    <code>TWetBulIn</code> is the inlet air wetbulb temperature.<br>
+    The difference in humidity ratio between the inlet and outlet air is used to 
+    calculate the added mass of water vapor <code>dmWat_flow</code>, with the humidity 
+    ratios being determined from psychrometric relationships, while assuming the 
+    outlet air wetbulb temperature is the same as inlet air wetbulb temperature.
+    </p>
+</html>", revisions="<html>
+<ul>
+<li>
+Semptember 14, 2023 by Cerrina Mouchref, Karthikeya Devaprasad, Lingzhe Wang:<br/>
+First implementation.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</html>"), Icon(graphics={              Text(
+        extent={{-152,144},{148,104}},
+        textString="%name",
+        textColor={0,0,255}), Rectangle(extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
+            lineColor={0,0,0},
+          fillColor={255,255,255},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
+end DirectCalculations;

Buildings/Fluid/Humidifiers/EvaporativeCoolers/Baseclasses/IndirectWetCalculations.mo

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+within Buildings.Fluid.Humidifiers.EvaporativeCoolers.Baseclasses;
+block IndirectWetCalculations
+  "Calculates the heat transfer in an indirect wet evaporative cooler"
+
+  parameter Real maxEff(
+    displayUnit="1")
+    "Maximum efficiency of heat exchanger coil";
+
+  parameter Real floRat(
+    displayUnit="1")
+    "Coil flow efficency ratio of actual to maximum heat transfer rate";
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput VPri_flow(
+    final unit="m3/s",
+    displayUnit="m3/s",
+    final quantity = "VolumeFlowRate")
+    "Primary air volume flow rate"
+    annotation (
+      Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,-60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,-60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput VSec_flow(
+    final unit="m3/s",
+    displayUnit="m3/s",
+    final quantity = "VolumeFlowRate")
+    "Secondary air volume flow rate"
+    annotation (
+      Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,-100},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,-100},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TDryBulPriIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Dry bulb temperature of the primary inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,100},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,100},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TWetBulPriIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Wet bulb temperature of the primary inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,60},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TDryBulSecIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Dry bulb temperature of the secondary inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealInput TWetBulSecIn(
+    final unit="K",
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Wet bulb temperature of the secondary inlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+      visible=true,
+      transformation(
+        origin={-120,-20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0),
+      iconTransformation(
+        origin={-140,-20},
+        extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+        rotation=0)));
+
+  Buildings.Controls.OBC.CDL.Interfaces.RealOutput TDryBulPriOut(
+    displayUnit="degC",
+    final unit="K",
+    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature")
+    "Dry bulb temperature of the outlet air"
+    annotation (Placement(
+     transformation(
+       origin={120,0},
+       extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+       rotation=0),
+     iconTransformation(
+       origin={140,0},
+       extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
+       rotation=0)));
+
+  Real eff(
+    displayUnit="1")
+    "Actual efficiency of component";
+
+equation
+  eff = max((maxEff - floRat*abs(VPri_flow)/abs(VSec_flow)),0);
+  TDryBulPriOut = TDryBulPriIn - eff*(TDryBulSecIn - TWetBulSecIn);
+
+  annotation (defaultComponentName="indWetCal",
+  Documentation(info="<html>
+  <p>Block that calculates the water vapor mass flow rate addition in the 
+  direct evaporative cooler component. The calculations are based on the indirect 
+  wet evaporative cooler model in the Engineering Reference document from EnergyPlus 
+  v23.1.0.</p>
+  <p>
+  The effective efficiency of the heat exchanger <code>eff</code> is calculated using 
+  the formula</p>
+  <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\">
+  eff = max((maxEff - floRat*abs(VPri_flow)/abs(VSec_flow)),0)</p>
+    <p>
+    where <code>VPri_flow</code> and <code>VSec_flow</code> are the volume flow 
+    rates of the primary and secondary fluid media respectively. The maximum 
+    efficiency of the heat exchanger <code>maxEff</code> as well as the efficiency-reduction
+    coil flow ratio <code>floRat</code> are empirically determined for the specific
+    equipment using experiments.<br>
+    The outlet primary fluid drybulb temperature <code>TDryBulPriOut</code> is calculated 
+    using the energy-balance equation
+    </p>
+    <p align=\"center\" style=\"font-style:italic;\">
+    TDryBulPriOut = TDryBulPriIn - eff*(TDryBulSecIn - TWetBulSecIn)</p>
+    <p>
+    where <code>TDryBulPriIn</code> is the inlet primary fluid drybulb temperature, 
+    <code>TDryBulSecIn</code> is the inlet secondary air drybulb temperature and 
+    <code>TWetBulSecIn</code> is the inlet secondary air wetbulb temperature.
+    </p>
+</html>", revisions="<html>
+<ul>
+<li>
+September 29, 2023 by Karthikeya Devaprasad:<br/>
+First implementation.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</html>"), Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-120,-120},{120,120}}),
+                graphics={              Text(
+        extent={{-150,160},{150,120}},
+        textString="%name",
+        textColor={0,0,255}), Rectangle(extent={{-120,120},{120,-120}},
+            lineColor={0,0,0},
+          fillColor={255,255,255},
+          fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
+    Diagram(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100,-120},{100,120}})));
+end IndirectWetCalculations;