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# Sphinx build info version 1 | ||
# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. | ||
config: 8a2fc2540dc386420c91dc6520860268 | ||
tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 |
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include: | ||
- _images | ||
- _sources | ||
- _static | ||
- _modules | ||
- _templates |
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aria2 | ||
===== | ||
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Daten mittels ``aria2`` herunterladen und aktualisieren (Linux) | ||
--------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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``aria2`` installieren | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
Für Debian-basierte Distributionen (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, ...) beispielsweise: | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ sudo apt install aria2 | ||
Gewünschte Daten heraussuchen | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
Zum Download mit aria2 wird eine MetaLink-Datei benötigt. | ||
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Die benötigten MetaLink-Dateien haben einen URL, der wie ``https://geodaten.bayern.de/[...].meta4`` aussieht. | ||
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* In die Karte klicken | ||
* Rechtsklick auf **Download (Metalink)** | ||
* Den URL in die Zwischenablage kopieren | ||
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Die Daten herunterladen | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
Zielverzeichnis erstellen | ||
$ mkdir /path/to/local_geodata/ | ||
aria2 zum Herunterladen der Daten verwenden | ||
$ aria2c -V --follow-metalink=mem --dir=/path/to/local_geodata/ <kopierten URL hier einfügen> | ||
Beispiel: | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ aria2c -V --follow-metalink=mem --dir=/tmp https://geodaten.bayern.de/odd/a/lod2/citygml/meta/metalink/09276115.meta4 | ||
Erläuterung: | ||
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* ``follow-metalink=mem`` meta4-Datei nicht schreiben | ||
* ``-V`` zum Prüfen der heruntergeladenen Daten gegen die im der meta4-Datei enthaltenen Checksumme. | ||
* ``-dir=/path/to/data/`` Zielverzeichnis zum Speichern der Daten. | ||
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.. note:: | ||
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Wenn die Metalink-Datei > 5 MB ist, dann funktioniert ``follow-metalink=mem`` nicht, aria2 wirft einen | ||
Fehler. In diesem Falle diese Angabe einfach weglassen. aria2 speichert die MetaLink-Datei dann im Zielverzeichnis ab. | ||
Dort kann sie nach dem Download der Dateien - wenn gewünscht - nachträglich gelöscht werden. | ||
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Updates automatisieren | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
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Die Daten der Bayerischen Vermessungsverwaltung werden regelmässig aktualisiert. Um den eigenen heruntergeladenen Datenbestand | ||
zu aktualisieren und dafür nur die aktualisierten Dateien herunterzuladen verwendet man den Schalter ``-V``. | ||
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Einfach den passenden Aufruf in die ``crontab``, sinnvolles Intervall einstellen (z.B. einmal wöchentlich) und der Datenbestand | ||
wird automatisch aktualisiert. | ||
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TL;DR | ||
----- | ||
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Beispiele | ||
^^^^^^^^^ | ||
Im Folgenden sind einige Beispiele zum Download kompletter Datenbestände dargestellt. | ||
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3D-Gebäude | ||
"""""""""" | ||
Die 3D-Gebäude in der Ausführung `LOD2 <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_Detail>`_. | ||
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* Format: CITYGML | ||
* EPSG: 25832 (UTM32) | ||
* Tile-Size 2 km * 2 km | ||
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.. note:: | ||
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Download-Größe ~ 150 GB | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ aria2c -V --dir=/data/on_big_hdd/lod2/ https://geodaten.bayern.de/odd/a/lod2/citygml/meta/metalink/09.meta4 | ||
Digitales Geländemodell (DEM) | ||
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" | ||
Auflösung 1 m pro Pixel. | ||
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* Format: GeoTiff | ||
* EPSG: 25832 (UTM32) | ||
* Tile-Size: 1 km * 1 km | ||
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.. note:: | ||
Download-Größe ~ 240 GB | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ aria2c -V --dir=/data/on_big_hdd/dem/ https://geodaten.bayern.de/odd/a/dgm/dgm1/meta/metalink/09.meta4 | ||
Digitales Orthophoto (DOP) | ||
"""""""""""""""""""""""""" | ||
Auflösung 40 cm pro Pixel. | ||
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* Format: GeoTiff (RGB) | ||
* EPSG: 25832 (UTM32) | ||
* Tile-Size: 1 km * 1 km | ||
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.. warning:: | ||
Download-Größe ~ 1,2 **TB** ~ 1200 GB | ||
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.. code-block:: bash | ||
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | ||
do | ||
aria2c -V --dir=/data/on_big_hdd/dop/ https://geodaten.bayern.de/odd/a/dop40/meta/metalink/09${i}.meta4 | ||
done | ||
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gdal | ||
==== | ||
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`gdal <https://gdal.org/>`_ ist eine Bibliothek zur Bearbeitung und Umwandlung von räumlichen Raster- und Vektordaten. Daneben | ||
bietet es auch zahlreiche Kommandozeilenprogramme. | ||
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gdal ist Open Source und für Linux und Windows verfügbar. Zur Installation sei auf die oben verlinkte Website verwiesen. | ||
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Beispiele | ||
--------- | ||
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Datenumwandlung | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
Das Digitale Geländemodell wird im Format GeoTIFF zur Verfügung gestellt. Sie wollen die Daten jedoch | ||
im Format ASCII Grid: | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ gdal_translate -of AAIGrid 691_5327.tif 691_5327.asc | ||
Der Schalter ``-of`` gibt hierbei das Ausgabeformat an. ``gdal_translate --formats`` listet die verfügbaren Quell- und Zielformate auf, | ||
``gdal_translate -h`` liefert eine Kurzbeschreibung der Parameter und die Seite `gdal_translate <https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_translate.html>`_ zeigt eine | ||
ausführliche Anleitung zu diesem Kommandozeilentool. | ||
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Datenaggregation | ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | ||
Sie haben Sich mittels aria2c und dem entsprechenden MetaLink-File die DOP-Kacheln ihrer Gemeinde heruntergeladen. Jetzt haben Sie ein Verzeichnis voll mit 1km²-Kacheln, | ||
Sie hätten aber gerne nur **ein** Bild. | ||
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.. figure:: images/qgis-tiles.png | ||
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QGIS mit allen heruntergeladenen Kacheln der Gemeinde Taufkirchen | ||
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Abhilfe schafft hier ``gdalwarp``. | ||
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.. code-block:: console | ||
$ gdalwarp -dstalpha -co "TILED=YES" -co "COMPRESS=LZW" 32*.tif taufkirchen.tif | ||
.. figure:: images/qgis-single.png | ||
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QGIS mit dem aggregierten Bild und einer freien Webkarte (Top Plus Open des BKG) als Hintergrund | ||
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``-dstalpha`` | ||
fügt einen Alpha-Kanal für die Transparenz hinzu. Dadurch wird an den Stellen ohne Informationen der Hintergrund sichtbar. | ||
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``-co "TILED=YES"`` | ||
sorgt für eine interne Kachelung des Bildes. Dadurch werden beim Hineinzoomen in das Bild nur die Teile gelesen, die für die Darstellung benötigt werden. | ||
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``-co "COMPRESS=LZW"`` | ||
sorgt dafür, dass die Rasterdaten im GeoTIFF komprimiert werden. | ||
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``32*.tif`` | ||
Die Dateinamen der Kacheln beginnen in diesem Falle alle mit 32. ``gdalwarp`` liest alle Dateien ein, die auf dieses Pattern passen. | ||
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``taufkirchen.tif`` | ||
Der Name der Zieldatei, die durch ``gdalwarp`` erzeugt wird. | ||
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Wenn die durch ``gdalwarp`` erzeugte Datei jetzt beispielsweise in QGIS geladen wird, dauert die Darstellung etwas, weil zunächst das ganze Bild geladen und dann | ||
für die Darstellung verkleinert werden muss. Abhilfe schafft hier ``gdaladdo``, mit dem *Overviews* (Übersichten) in das Bild gerechnet werden können. Die Datei | ||
wird dadurch zwar größer, aber die deutlich kürzeren Ladezeiten entschädigen dafür ausreichend. | ||
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.. code-block:: shell-session | ||
Erzeugen der Übersichten | ||
Die Zahlen sind Bruchteile der Ursprungsauflösung, hier also 1/2, 1/4, ... | ||
$ gdaladdo taufkirchen.tif 2 4 8 16 | ||
Das Resultat mit gdalinfo betrachten: | ||
$ gdalinfo taufkirchen.tif | ||
Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF | ||
Files: taufkirchen.tif | ||
Size is 20000, 17500 | ||
Coordinate System is: | ||
PROJCRS["ETRS89 / UTM zone 32N", | ||
BASEGEOGCRS["ETRS89", | ||
DATUM["European Terrestrial Reference System 1989", | ||
ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101, | ||
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], | ||
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, | ||
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], | ||
ID["EPSG",4258]], | ||
CONVERSION["UTM zone 32N", | ||
METHOD["Transverse Mercator", | ||
ID["EPSG",9807]], | ||
PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0, | ||
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433], | ||
ID["EPSG",8801]], | ||
PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",9, | ||
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433], | ||
ID["EPSG",8802]], | ||
PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",0.9996, | ||
SCALEUNIT["unity",1], | ||
ID["EPSG",8805]], | ||
PARAMETER["False easting",500000, | ||
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1], | ||
ID["EPSG",8806]], | ||
PARAMETER["False northing",0, | ||
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1], | ||
ID["EPSG",8807]]], | ||
CS[Cartesian,2], | ||
AXIS["(E)",east, | ||
ORDER[1], | ||
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]], | ||
AXIS["(N)",north, | ||
ORDER[2], | ||
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]], | ||
USAGE[ | ||
SCOPE["unknown"], | ||
AREA["Europe - 6°E to 12°E and ETRS89 by country"], | ||
BBOX[38.76,6,83.92,12]], | ||
ID["EPSG",25832]] | ||
Data axis to CRS axis mapping: 1,2 | ||
Origin = (692000.000000000000000,5326000.000000000000000) | ||
Pixel Size = (0.400000000000000,-0.400000000000000) | ||
Metadata: | ||
AREA_OR_POINT=Area | ||
BILDFLUG_DATUM=* | ||
BILDFLUG_NUMMER=* | ||
BILDFLUG_UNTERNUMMER=0 | ||
Image Structure Metadata: | ||
COMPRESSION=LZW | ||
INTERLEAVE=PIXEL | ||
Corner Coordinates: | ||
Upper Left ( 692000.000, 5326000.000) ( 11d34'36.77"E, 48d 3'30.12"N) | ||
Lower Left ( 692000.000, 5319000.000) ( 11d34'25.48"E, 47d59'43.62"N) | ||
Upper Right ( 700000.000, 5326000.000) ( 11d41' 2.87"E, 48d 3'21.27"N) | ||
Lower Right ( 700000.000, 5319000.000) ( 11d40'51.11"E, 47d59'34.79"N) | ||
Center ( 696000.000, 5322500.000) ( 11d37'44.06"E, 48d 1'32.50"N) | ||
Band 1 Block=256x256 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red | ||
Overviews: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Mask Flags: PER_DATASET ALPHA | ||
Overviews of mask band: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Band 2 Block=256x256 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green | ||
Overviews: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Mask Flags: PER_DATASET ALPHA | ||
Overviews of mask band: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Band 3 Block=256x256 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue | ||
Overviews: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Mask Flags: PER_DATASET ALPHA | ||
Overviews of mask band: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
Band 4 Block=256x256 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Alpha | ||
Overviews: 10000x8750, 5000x4375, 2500x2188, 1250x1094 | ||
``gdalinfo`` liefert umfangreiche Informationen über einen Datensatz. Neben den Angaben zur Projektion sind hier vor allem | ||
die Kanäle (vorhandensein eines Alpha-Channels), deren Aufteilung in Blöcke (durch ``TILED=YES``) und die Overviews (durch ``gdaladdo``) interessant. | ||
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LDBV-BY - Dokumentation | ||
======================= | ||
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Willkommen auf den Dokumenationsseiten von LDBV-BY. | ||
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Unser Github-Repository finden sie `hier <https://github.com/ldbv-by>`_. | ||
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.. toctree:: | ||
:maxdepth: 1 | ||
:caption: Inhaltsverzeichnis | ||
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opendata | ||
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.. note:: | ||
Work in Progress |
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OpenData | ||
======== | ||
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Welche Daten sind verfügbar? | ||
---------------------------- | ||
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Die verfügbaren Daten sind auf der `OpenData-Seite der Bayerischen Vermessungsverwaltung <https://geodaten.bayern.de/opengeodata/>`_ aufgelistet und beschrieben. | ||
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Ja ... und? | ||
----------- | ||
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Auf den folgenden Seiten ist beschrieben wie man an die Daten kommt und wie man sie nach Gusto anpassen und verändern kann. | ||
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.. toctree:: | ||
:maxdepth: 1 | ||
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aria2 zum Herunterladen der Daten <aria2> | ||
gdal zur Umwandlung der Daten <gdal> | ||
notebooks/contourdemo | ||
notebooks/3dmesh | ||
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