Add more robust `debug_assertions` verification to CI. #2233

Job	Run time
cargo check (msrv) (windows-latest)	2m 55s
cargo clippy (windows-latest)	7m 27s
cargo check (msrv) (macos-latest)	1m 6s
cargo check (aarch64-android)	21s
cargo clippy (macos-latest)	3m 51s
cargo check (msrv) (wasm32)	25s
cargo check (msrv) (ubuntu-latest)	1m 50s
cargo clippy (ubuntu-latest)	5m 47s
cargo clippy (wasm32)	3m 15s
cargo doc	42s
formatting	32s
Prime LFS Cache	4s
cargo test (wasm32)	20s
typos	4s
cargo test (windows-latest)	3m 52s
cargo test (macos-latest)	1m 42s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest)	4m 21s
	38m 34s

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