This code contains deep learning code used to modeling hydrologic systems, from soil moisture to streamflow, from projection to forecast.

This released code depends on our hydroDL repository, please follow our original github repository where we will release new updates occasionally https://github.com/mhpi/hydroDL

Citations

If you find our code to be useful, please cite the following papers:

Feng, DP., Lawson, K., and CP. Shen, Mitigating prediction error of deep learning streamflow models in large data-sparse regions with ensemble modeling and soft data, Geophysical Research Letters (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092999

Feng, DP, K. Fang and CP. Shen, Enhancing streamflow forecast and extracting insights using continental-scale long-short term memory networks with data integration, Water Resources Research (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026793

Shen, CP., A trans-disciplinary review of deep learning research and its relevance for water resources scientists, Water Resources Research. 54(11), 8558-8593, doi: 10.1029/2018WR022643 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022643

Major code contributor: Dapeng Feng (PhD Student, Penn State) and Kuai Fang (PhD., Penn State)

Examples

The environment we are using is shown as the file repoenv.yml. To create the same conda environment, please run:

conda env create -f repoenv.yml

Activate the installed environment before running the code:

conda activate mhpihydrodl

You can also use this Environment Setup_Tutorial.pdf document as a reference to set up your environment and solve some frequently encountered questions. There may be a small compatibility issue with our code when using very high pyTorch version. Welcome to contact us if you find any issue not able to solve or bug.

Several examples related to the above papers are presented here. Click the title link to see each example.

1.Train a LSTM data integration model to make streamflow forecast

The dataset used is NCAR CAMELS dataset. Download CAMELS following this link. Please download both forcing, observation data CAMELS time series meteorology, observed flow, meta data (.zip) and basin attributes CAMELS Attributes (.zip). Put two unzipped folders under the same directory, like your/path/to/Camels/basin_timeseries_v1p2_metForcing_obsFlow, and your/path/to/Camels/camels_attributes_v2.0. Set the directory path your/path/to/Camels as the variable rootDatabase inside the code later.

Computational benchmark: training of CAMELS data (w/ or w/o data integration) with 671 basins, 10 years, 300 epochs, in ~1 hour with GPU.

Related papers:
Feng et al. (2020). Enhancing streamflow forecast and extracting insights using long‐short term memory networks with data integration at continental scales. Water Resources Research.

2.Train LSTM and CNN-LSTM models for prediction in ungauged regions

The dataset used is also NCAR CAMELS. Follow the instructions in the first example above to download and unzip the dataset. Use this code to test your saved models after training finished.

Related papers:
Feng et al. (2021). Mitigating prediction error of deep learning streamflow models in large data-sparse regions with ensemble modeling and soft data. Geophysical Research Letters.
Feng et al. (2020). Enhancing streamflow forecast and extracting insights using long‐short term memory networks with data integration at continental scales. Water Resources Research.

3.Train a LSTM model to learn SMAP soil moisture

The example dataset is embedded in this repo and can be found here. You can also use this script to train model if you don't want to work with Jupyter Notebook.

Related papers:
Fang et al. (2017), Prolongation of SMAP to Spatio-temporally Seamless Coverage of Continental US Using a Deep Learning Neural Network, Geophysical Research Letters.

4.Estimate uncertainty of a LSTM network

Related papers:
Fang et al. (2020). Evaluating the potential and challenges of an uncertainty quantification method for long short-term memory models for soil moisture predictions, Water Resources Research.

License

Non-Commercial Software License Agreement

By downloading the hydroDL software (the “Software”) you agree to the following terms of use: Copyright (c) 2020, The Pennsylvania State University (“PSU”). All rights reserved.

1. PSU hereby grants to you a perpetual, nonexclusive and worldwide right, privilege and license to use, reproduce, modify, display, and create derivative works of Software for all non-commercial purposes only. You may not use Software for commercial purposes without prior written consent from PSU. Queries regarding commercial licensing should be directed to The Office of Technology Management at 814.865.6277 or [email protected].
2. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
3. This software is provided for non-commercial use only.
4. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that redistributions must reproduce the above copyright notice, license, list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.