Set-of-Mark Prompting or GPT-4V

🍇 [Read our arXiv Paper]   🍎 [Project Page]

Jianwei Yang*⚑, Hao Zhang*, Feng Li*, Xueyan Zou*, Chunyuan Li, Jianfeng Gao

* Core Contributors      ⚑ Project Lead

Introduction

We present Set-of-Mark (SoM) prompting, simply overlaying a number of spatial and speakable marks on the images, to unleash the visual grounding abilities in the strongest LMM -- GPT-4V. Let's using visual prompting for vision!

🔥 News

• [11/07] We released the vision benchmark we used to evaluate GPT-4V with SoM prompting! Check out the benchmark page!

• [11/07] Now that GPT-4V API has been released, we are releasing a demo integrating SoM into GPT-4V!

export OPENAI_API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
python demo_gpt4v_som.py

• [10/23] We released the SoM toolbox code for generating set-of-mark prompts for GPT-4V. Try it out!

🔗 Related links

Fascinating applications of SoM and LMMs:

• Set-of-Mark Prompting by Roboflow: Reimplementation of SoM by @SkalskiP from Roboflow
• Set-of-Mark Prompting for UI Navigation Agent: A really brilliant work using GPT-4V and SoM as a web copilot!

Our method compiles the following models to generate the set of marks:

• Mask DINO: State-of-the-art closed-set image segmentation model
• OpenSeeD: State-of-the-art open-vocabulary image segmentation model
• GroundingDINO: State-of-the-art open-vocabulary object detection model
• SEEM: Versatile, promptable, interactive and semantic-aware segmentation model
• Semantic-SAM: Segment and recognize anything at any granularity
• Segment Anything: Segment anything

We are standing on the shoulder of the giant GPT-4V (playground)!

🚀 Quick Start

• Install segmentation packages

# install SEEM
pip install git+https://github.com/UX-Decoder/Segment-Everything-Everywhere-All-At-Once.git@package
# install SAM
pip install git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything.git
# install Semantic-SAM
pip install git+https://github.com/UX-Decoder/Semantic-SAM.git@package
# install Deformable Convolution for Semantic-SAM
cd ops && sh make.sh && cd ..

# common error fix:
python -m pip install 'git+https://github.com/MaureenZOU/detectron2-xyz.git'
pip install mpi4py

• Download the pretrained models

sh download_ckpt.sh

• Run the demo

python demo_som.py

And you will see this interface:

Potential solutions for some common issues:

• Errors when installing Semantic-SAM

👉 Comparing standard GPT-4V and its combination with SoM Prompting

📍 SoM Toolbox for image partition

Users can select which granularity of masks to generate, and which mode to use between automatic (top) and interactive (bottom). A higher alpha blending value (0.4) is used for better visualization.

🦄 Interleaved Prompt

SoM enables interleaved prompts which include textual and visual content. The visual content can be represented using the region indices.

🎖️ Mark types used in SoM

🌋 Evaluation tasks examples

Use case

🌷 Grounded Reasoning and Cross-Image Reference

In comparison to GPT-4V without SoM, adding marks enables GPT-4V to ground the reasoning on detailed contents of the image (Left). Clear object cross-image references are observed on the right. 17

🏕️ Problem Solving

Case study on solving CAPTCHA. GPT-4V gives the wrong answer with a wrong number of squares while finding the correct squares with corresponding marks after SoM prompting.

🏔️ Knowledge Sharing

Case study on an image of dish for GPT-4V. GPT-4V does not produce a grounded answer with the original image. Based on SoM prompting, GPT-4V not only speaks out the ingredients but also corresponds them to the regions.

🕌 Personalized Suggestion

SoM-pormpted GPT-4V gives very precise suggestions while the original one fails, even with hallucinated foods, e.g., soft drinks

🌼 Tool Usage Instruction

Likewise, GPT4-V with SoM can help to provide thorough tool usage instruction , teaching users the function of each button on a controller. Note that this image is not fully labeled, while GPT-4V can also provide information about the non-labeled buttons.

🌻 2D Game Planning

GPT-4V with SoM gives a reasonable suggestion on how to achieve a goal in a gaming scenario.

🕌 Simulated Navigation

🌳 Results

We conduct experiments on various vision tasks to verify the effectiveness of our SoM. Results show that GPT4V+SoM outperforms specialists on most vision tasks and is comparable to MaskDINO on COCO panoptic segmentation.

✒️ Citation

If you find our work helpful for your research, please consider citing the following BibTeX entry.

@article{yang2023setofmark,
      title={Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4V}, 
      author={Jianwei Yang and Hao Zhang and Feng Li and Xueyan Zou and Chunyuan Li and Jianfeng Gao},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.11441},
      year={2023},
}