Clean up use of argument splats

[mvz]

Where possible, rely on Ruby to handle arguments, rather than decomposing argument lists by hand.

• Make arguments for Common.location_for_eval explicit
• Make arguments for replacement Kernel#eval explicit
• Make arguments for replacement Binding#eval explicit
• Explain need for args splats in #instance_eval and #module_eval replacements
• Make arguments for LiveAST::Cache.new explicit
• Make arguments to LiveAST::Evaler.eval explicit
• Inline argument checking in LiveAST::Evaler.eval
• Explicitly forward arguments in LiveAST::Linker.new_cache_synced
• Explicitly forward arguments in Kernel#caller replacement
• Explicitly forward arguments in Kernel#raise replacement