chore: update github runner image to 24.04

[TomAFrench]

Description

Problem*

Resolves

Summary*

ubuntu-latest is switching over to use the ubuntu-24.04 image over the next month so I'm opting in now to save master potentially being silently broken.

Additional Context

Documentation*

Check one:

• No documentation needed.
• Documentation included in this PR.
• [For Experimental Features] Documentation to be submitted in a separate PR.

PR Checklist*

• I have tested the changes locally.
• I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt on default settings.

[github-actions]

Compilation Sample

Program	Compilation Time	%
sha256_regression	0m1.364s	-6%
regression_4709	0m1.513s	-5%
ram_blowup_regression	0m16.231s	-3%

[github-actions]

Peak Memory Sample

Program	Peak Memory
keccak256	81.57M
workspace	122.00M
regression_4709	333.79M
ram_blowup_regression	2.55G