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<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0" name=viewport><meta content="light dark" name=color-scheme><title>404</title><link href=/img/favicon-32x32.png rel=icon sizes=32x32 type=image/png><link href=/img/favicon-16x16.png rel=icon sizes=16x16 type=image/png><link href=/img/apple-touch-icon.png rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180><link href=https://fonts.googleapis.com rel=preconnect><link crossorigin href=https://fonts.gstatic.com rel=preconnect><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Signika&display=swap" rel=stylesheet><style>body{--primary-color:#698bcf;--primary-pale-color:#698bcf1c;--text-color:#3c4043;--text-pale-color:#9aa2b9;--bg-color:#fff;--highlight-mark-color:#5f75b045;--callout-note-color:#698bcf;--callout-important-color:#9971d9;--callout-warning-color:#c99054;--callout-alert-color:#d35757;--callout-question-color:#4985a2;--callout-tip-color:#3ea06f;--main-font:'Signika',ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";--code-font:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--homepage-max-width:750px;--main-max-width:750px;--avatar-size:70px;--paragraph-font-size:18px;--paragraph-line-height:1.75;--aside-font-size:16px;--img-border-radius:0;--inline-code-border-radius:2px}body.dark{--primary-color:#698bcf;--primary-pale-color:#698bcf1c;--text-color:#9197a5;--text-pale-color:#5d6470;--bg-color:#202124;--highlight-mark-color:#5f75b045;--callout-note-color:#698bcf;--callout-important-color:#9971d9;--callout-warning-color:#c99054;--callout-alert-color:#d35757;--callout-question-color:#4985a2;--callout-tip-color:#3ea06f}</style><link href=/main.css rel=stylesheet><body class=not-found><script>if(localStorage.getItem('theme')=='dark'){document.body.classList.add('dark');const a=document.querySelector('link#hl');if(a)a.href='/hl-dark.css'}</script><div class=wrapper><div class=error><div class=code>404</div><div class=spacer></div><div class=text>Not Found</div></div><a href=/>« back to home »</a></div><script src=/js/main.js></script>
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<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0" name=viewport><meta content="light dark" name=color-scheme><title>802.15.4 Wireless</title><link href=/img/favicon-32x32.png rel=icon sizes=32x32 type=image/png><link href=/img/favicon-16x16.png rel=icon sizes=16x16 type=image/png><link href=/img/apple-touch-icon.png rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180><link href=https://fonts.googleapis.com rel=preconnect><link crossorigin href=https://fonts.gstatic.com rel=preconnect><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Signika&display=swap" rel=stylesheet><style>body{--primary-color:#698bcf;--primary-pale-color:#698bcf1c;--text-color:#3c4043;--text-pale-color:#9aa2b9;--bg-color:#fff;--highlight-mark-color:#5f75b045;--callout-note-color:#698bcf;--callout-important-color:#9971d9;--callout-warning-color:#c99054;--callout-alert-color:#d35757;--callout-question-color:#4985a2;--callout-tip-color:#3ea06f;--main-font:'Signika',ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";--code-font:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--homepage-max-width:750px;--main-max-width:750px;--avatar-size:70px;--paragraph-font-size:18px;--paragraph-line-height:1.75;--aside-font-size:16px;--img-border-radius:0;--inline-code-border-radius:2px}body.dark{--primary-color:#698bcf;--primary-pale-color:#698bcf1c;--text-color:#9197a5;--text-pale-color:#5d6470;--bg-color:#202124;--highlight-mark-color:#5f75b045;--callout-note-color:#698bcf;--callout-important-color:#9971d9;--callout-warning-color:#c99054;--callout-alert-color:#d35757;--callout-question-color:#4985a2;--callout-tip-color:#3ea06f}</style><link href=/main.css rel=stylesheet><link href=/hl-light.css id=hl rel=stylesheet><body class=post><script>if(localStorage.getItem('theme')=='dark'){document.body.classList.add('dark');const a=document.querySelector('link#hl');if(a)a.href='/hl-dark.css'}</script><header class=blur><div id=header-wrapper><nav><a href=/>ajit</a><span class=separator>::</span><a href=/blog>blog</a></nav><div id=btns><a aria-label="rss feed" href=/feed.xml><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height=24 width=24 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M3 17C5.20914 17 7 18.7909 7 21H3V17ZM3 10C9.07513 10 14 14.9249 14 21H12C12 16.0294 7.97056 12 3 12V10ZM3 3C12.9411 3 21 11.0589 21 21H19C19 12.1634 11.8366 5 3 5V3Z" fill=currentColor></path></svg></a><button aria-label="theme switch" data-moon-icon='<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M10 7C10 10.866 13.134 14 17 14C18.9584 14 20.729 13.1957 21.9995 11.8995C22 11.933 22 11.9665 22 12C22 17.5228 17.5228 22 12 22C6.47715 22 2 17.5228 2 12C2 6.47715 6.47715 2 12 2C12.0335 2 12.067 2 12.1005 2.00049C10.8043 3.27098 10 5.04157 10 7ZM4 12C4 16.4183 7.58172 20 12 20C15.0583 20 17.7158 18.2839 19.062 15.7621C18.3945 15.9187 17.7035 16 17 16C12.0294 16 8 11.9706 8 7C8 6.29648 8.08133 5.60547 8.2379 4.938C5.71611 6.28423 4 8.9417 4 12Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>' data-sun-icon='<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 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2.00049C10.8043 3.27098 10 5.04157 10 7ZM4 12C4 16.4183 7.58172 20 12 20C15.0583 20 17.7158 18.2839 19.062 15.7621C18.3945 15.9187 17.7035 16 17 16C12.0294 16 8 11.9706 8 7C8 6.29648 8.08133 5.60547 8.2379 4.938C5.71611 6.28423 4 8.9417 4 12Z" fill=currentColor></path></svg></button><button aria-label="table of content" id=toc-toggle><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height=24 width=24 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M3 4H21V6H3V4ZM3 11H15V13H3V11ZM3 18H21V20H3V18Z" fill=currentColor></path></svg></button></div></div></header><div id=wrapper><div id=blank></div><aside class=blur><button aria-label="back to top" id=back-to-top><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height=24 width=24 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M11.9997 10.8284L7.04996 15.7782L5.63574 14.364L11.9997 8L18.3637 14.364L16.9495 15.7782L11.9997 10.8284Z" fill=currentColor></path></svg></button></aside><main><div><div data-check-icon='<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M10.0007 15.1709L19.1931 5.97852L20.6073 7.39273L10.0007 17.9993L3.63672 11.6354L5.05093 10.2212L10.0007 15.1709Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>' data-copy-icon='<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M6.9998 6V3C6.9998 2.44772 7.44752 2 7.9998 2H19.9998C20.5521 2 20.9998 2.44772 20.9998 3V17C20.9998 17.5523 20.5521 18 19.9998 18H16.9998V20.9991C16.9998 21.5519 16.5499 22 15.993 22H4.00666C3.45059 22 3 21.5554 3 20.9991L3.0026 7.00087C3.0027 6.44811 3.45264 6 4.00942 6H6.9998ZM5.00242 8L5.00019 20H14.9998V8H5.00242ZM8.9998 6H16.9998V16H18.9998V4H8.9998V6Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>' id=copy-cfg style=display:none></div><article data-backlink-icon='<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20" height="20"><path d="M9.41421 8L18.0208 16.6066L16.6066 18.0208L8 9.41421V17H6V6H17V8H9.41421Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg>' class=prose><h1>802.15.4 Wireless</h1><div id=post-info><div id=date><span id=publish>2023-04-22</span></div><div id=tags><a href=https://ntn888.github.io//tags/nrf52><span>#</span>nRF52</a><a href=https://ntn888.github.io//tags/low-power-wireless><span>#</span>low-power wireless</a><a href=https://ntn888.github.io//tags/zigbee><span>#</span>zigbee</a></div></div><p>'802.15.4' is a low power low-data-rate wireless LAN comminications protocol ideally suited for microcontrollers. And only requires roughly 10-20mA of current to operate (on a 3.3V supply). It has been widely adopted in many applications, such as wireless sensor networks, home automation, and industrial control. It is similar to the widely popular zigbee protocol but is an open standard. Which means it is shipped with opensource RTOS's for platforms that are compatible... My main gripe is that it is yet not popular among hobyists who tend to reach for WiFi in place of this low power network even in microcontroller settings...<p>The Nordic seires of microcontrollers well support this protocol along with BLE. Compared to BLE this is more suited for industrial noisy environments!<p>The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer for LR-WPANs(low-rate wireless personal area networks). The PHY layer specifies the radio transmission characteristics, including the modulation scheme, data rate, and frequency band. The MAC layer provides mechanisms for channel access, data framing, and error control.<p>The IEEE 802.15.4 standard supports two frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 868/915 MHz. The 2.4 GHz band is used in most LR-WPAN applications and provides a data rate of 250 kbps. The 868/915 MHz band is used in some applications that require longer range but lower data rates.<p>The MAC layer of IEEE 802.15.4 uses a beacon-enabled mode and a non-beacon-enabled mode. In the beacon-enabled mode, a coordinator device periodically transmits a beacon frame that contains information about the network. In the non-beacon-enabled mode, devices can transmit data at any time, without waiting for a beacon frame.<p>IEEE 802.15.4 also supports two types of topologies: star and peer-to-peer. In the star topology, all devices communicate with a central coordinator device. In the peer-to-peer topology, devices can communicate directly with each other.<p>In future articles we will see this protocol in action with the Micro:bitV2 which is equipped with the Nordic nRF52833.</article></div><footer><div class=copyright><p>© 2023 Ajit</div><div class=credits>powered by <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href=https://www.getzola.org target=_blank>zola</a> and <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href=https://github.com/isunjn/serene target=_blank>serene</a></div></footer></main></div><script src=/js/lightense.min.js></script><script src=/js/main.js></script>
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