build: adds ubuntu-24.04

[pomegranited]

Description

Adds ubuntu-24.04 to the list of OS used to run CI.

For pypi-publish, replaced ubuntu-20.04 with ubuntu-24.04`.

Supporting Information

Closes #312

Testing

Tests passing here should be enough to merge this change, and a successful release to pypi will test the rest.

Merge checklist:

• All reviewers approved
• CI build is green
• [x]Version bumped N/A
• Changelog record added N/A
• Documentation updated (not only docstrings)
• Commits are squashed

Post merge:

• Create a tag
• Check new version is pushed to PyPi after tag-triggered build is finished.
• Delete working branch (if not needed anymore)

[openedx-webhooks]

Thanks for the pull request, @pomegranited!

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