errata 24872

modules/m63016/index.cnxml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 <title>Cleavage and Blastula Stage</title>
 <para id="fs-idp147099472">The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage. Cleavage is illustrated in (<link target-id="CNX_AP_Bio_43_05_02ab"/><emphasis effect="bold">a</emphasis>). After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula. The blastula is usually a spherical layer of cells (the blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity (the blastocoel). Mammals at this stage form a structure called the blastocyst, characterized by an inner cell mass that is distinct from the surrounding blastula, shown in <link target-id="CNX_AP_Bio_43_05_02ab"/><emphasis effect="bold">b</emphasis>. During cleavage, the cells divide without an increase in mass; that is, one large single-celled zygote divides into multiple smaller cells. Each cell within the blastula is called a blastomere.</para>
 <figure id="CNX_AP_Bio_43_05_02ab" class="ost-tag-lo-apbio-ch34-s06-lo02">
-        <media id="fs-idm51490336" alt="Part A illustration shows a fertilized egg divided into two, four, eight, sixteen and thirty-two cells. Part B shows a hollow ball of cells. The cells on the surface are called the blastoderm, and the hollow center is called the blastocoel.">
+        <media id="fs-idm51490336" alt="Part A illustration shows a fertilized egg divided into two, four, eight, and sixteen cells. Part B shows a hollow ball of cells. The cells on the surface are called the blastoderm, and the hollow center is called the blastocoel.">
 <image mime-type="image/jpg" src="../../media/CNX_AP_Bio_43_05_02ab.jpg" width="300"/>
         </media>
         <caption>(a) During cleavage, the zygote rapidly divides into multiple cells without increasing in size. (b) The cells rearrange themselves to form a hollow ball with a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity called the blastula. (credit a: modification of work by Gray’s Anatomy; credit b: modification of work by Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation)</caption></figure><para id="fs-idp36763504">Cleavage can take place in two ways: <emphasis>holoblastic</emphasis> (total) cleavage or <emphasis>meroblastic</emphasis> (partial) cleavage. The type of cleavage depends on the amount of yolk in the eggs. In placental mammals (including humans) where nourishment is provided by the mother’s body, the eggs have a very small amount of yolk and undergo holoblastic cleavage. Other species, such as birds, with a lot of yolk in the egg to nourish the embryo during development, undergo meroblastic cleavage.</para>

modules/m66678/index.cnxml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 <section id="fs-idp156010064">
 <title>Cleavage and Blastula Stage</title>
 <para id="fs-idp147099472">The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage. Cleavage is illustrated in (<link target-id="fig-ch43_05_02ab"/>a). After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula. The blastula is usually a spherical layer of cells (the blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity (the blastocoel). Mammals at this stage form a structure called the blastocyst, characterized by an inner cell mass that is distinct from the surrounding blastula, shown in <link target-id="fig-ch43_05_02ab"/>b. During cleavage, the cells divide without an increase in mass; that is, one large single-celled zygote divides into multiple smaller cells. Each cell within the blastula is called a blastomere.</para>
-<figure id="fig-ch43_05_02ab" orient="horizontal"><media id="fs-idm51490336" alt="Part A illustration shows a fertilized egg divided into two, four, eight, sixteen and thirty-two cells. Part B shows a hollow ball of cells. The cells on the surface are called the blastoderm, and the hollow center is called the blastocoel.">
+<figure id="fig-ch43_05_02ab" orient="horizontal"><media id="fs-idm51490336" alt="Part A illustration shows a fertilized egg divided into two, four, eight, and sixteen cells. Part B shows a hollow ball of cells. The cells on the surface are called the blastoderm, and the hollow center is called the blastocoel.">
 <image mime-type="image/png" src="../../media/Figure_B43_05_02ab.png" width="407"/>
 </media>
 <caption>(a) During cleavage, the zygote rapidly divides into multiple cells without increasing in size. (b) The cells rearrange themselves to form a hollow ball with a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity called the blastula.</caption></figure><para id="fs-idp36763504">Cleavage can take place in two ways: <term id="term-00004">holoblastic</term> (total) cleavage or <term id="term-00005">meroblastic</term> (partial) cleavage. The type of cleavage depends on the amount of yolk in the eggs. In placental mammals (including humans) where nourishment is provided by the parent’s body, the eggs have a very small amount of yolk and undergo holoblastic cleavage. Other species, such as birds, with a lot of yolk in the egg to nourish the embryo during development, undergo meroblastic cleavage.</para>