errata 22835

modules/m62718/index.cnxml

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The diversity of life on Earth is a result of mutations, or random changes in he
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-<para id="fs-id2074834">Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes; these are called <term id="term-00005">organelles</term>. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells. Examples of organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts, which carry out indispensable functions: mitochondria produce energy to power the cell, while chloroplasts enable green plants to utilize the energy in sunlight to make sugars. All living things are made of cells; the <term id="term-00006">cell</term> itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. (This requirement is why viruses are not considered living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack the reproductive mechanism of a living cell; only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce.) Some organisms consist of a single cell and others are multicellular. Cells are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. <term id="term-00007">Prokaryotes</term> are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei; in contrast, the cells of <term id="term-00008">eukaryotes</term> do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.</para>
+<para id="fs-id2074834">Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes; these are called <term id="term-00005">organelles</term>. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells. Examples of organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts, which carry out indispensable functions: mitochondria process energy to power the cell, while chloroplasts enable green plants to utilize the energy in sunlight to make sugars. All living things are made of cells; the <term id="term-00006">cell</term> itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. (This requirement is why viruses are not considered living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack the reproductive mechanism of a living cell; only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce.) Some organisms consist of a single cell and others are multicellular. Cells are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. <term id="term-00007">Prokaryotes</term> are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei; in contrast, the cells of <term id="term-00008">eukaryotes</term> do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.</para>
 <para id="fs-id2155753">In larger organisms, cells combine to make <term id="term-00009">tissues</term>, which are groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions. <term id="term-00010">Organs</term> are collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function. Organs are present not only in animals but also in plants. An <term id="term-00011">organ system</term> is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs. Mammals have many organ systems. For instance, the circulatory system transports blood through the body and to and from the lungs; it includes organs such as the heart and blood vessels. <term id="term-00012">Organisms</term> are individual living entities. For example, each tree in a forest is an organism. Single-celled prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes are also considered organisms and are typically referred to as microorganisms.</para>
 <para id="eip-622">All the individuals of a species living within a specific area are collectively called a <term id="term-00013">population</term>. For example, a forest may include many pine trees. All of these pine trees represent the population of pine trees in this forest. Different populations may live in the same specific area. For example, the forest with the pine trees includes populations of flowering plants and also insects and microbial populations. A <term id="term-00014">community</term> is the sum of populations inhabiting a particular area. For instance, all of the trees, flowers, insects, and other populations in a forest form the forest’s community. The forest itself is an ecosystem. An <term id="term-00015">ecosystem</term> consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, non-living parts of that environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water. At the highest level of organization (<link target-id="fs-id1167066971938" class="has-default-text">see this figure</link>), the <term id="term-00016">biosphere</term> is the collection of all ecosystems, and it represents the zones of life on earth. It includes land, water, and even the atmosphere to a certain extent.</para>
 

modules/m66428/index.cnxml

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 <caption>All molecules, including this DNA molecule, are comprised of atoms. (credit: “brian0918”/Wikimedia Commons)</caption></figure><note id="fs-id2164548" class="interactive">
 <para id="fs-id2927125">Watch <link window="new" url="http://openstax.org/l/rotating_DNA">this video</link> that animates the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecule in <link target-id="fig-ch01_02_06"/>.</para>
 </note>
-<para id="fs-id2074834">Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes. We call these <term id="term-00005">organelles</term>. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells. Examples of organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts, which carry out indispensable functions: mitochondria produce energy to power the cell, while chloroplasts enable green plants to utilize the energy in sunlight to make sugars. All living things are made of cells. The <term id="term-00006">cell</term> itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. (This requirement is why scientists do not consider viruses living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack the reproductive mechanism of a living cell. Only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce.) Some organisms consist of a single cell and others are multicellular. Scientists classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. <term id="term-00007">Prokaryotes</term> are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei. In contrast, the cells of <term id="term-00008">eukaryotes</term> do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.</para>
+<para id="fs-id2074834">Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes. We call these <term id="term-00005">organelles</term>. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells. Examples of organelles include mitochondria and chloroplasts, which carry out indispensable functions: mitochondria process energy to power the cell, while chloroplasts enable green plants to utilize the energy in sunlight to make sugars. All living things are made of cells. The <term id="term-00006">cell</term> itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. (This requirement is why scientists do not consider viruses living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack the reproductive mechanism of a living cell. Only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce.) Some organisms consist of a single cell and others are multicellular. Scientists classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. <term id="term-00007">Prokaryotes</term> are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei. In contrast, the cells of <term id="term-00008">eukaryotes</term> do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.</para>
 <para id="fs-id2155753">In larger organisms, cells combine to make <term id="term-00009">tissues</term>, which are groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions. <term id="term-00010">Organs</term> are collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function. Organs are present not only in animals but also in plants. An <term id="term-00011">organ system</term> is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs. Mammals have many organ systems. For instance, the circulatory system transports blood through the body and to and from the lungs. It includes organs such as the heart and blood vessels. <term id="term-00012">Organisms</term> are individual living entities. For example, each tree in a forest is an organism. Single-celled prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes are also organisms, which biologists typically call microorganisms.</para>
 <para id="eip-622">Biologists collectively call all the individuals of a species living within a specific area a <term id="term-00013">population</term>. For example, a forest may include many pine trees, which represent the population of pine trees in this forest. Different populations may live in the same specific area. For example, the forest with the pine trees includes populations of flowering plants, insects, and microbial populations. A <term id="term-00014">community</term> is the sum of populations inhabiting a particular area. For instance, all of the trees, flowers, insects, and other populations in a forest form the forest’s community. The forest itself is an ecosystem. An <term id="term-00015">ecosystem</term> consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water. At the highest level of organization (<link target-id="fig-ch01_02_07"/>), the <term id="term-00016">biosphere</term> is the collection of all ecosystems, and it represents the zones of life on Earth. It includes land, water, and even the atmosphere to a certain extent.</para>
 <note id="fs-id1429210" class="visual-connection">