[XLA:Python] Fix more bugs in the weakref_lru_cache implementation.

a) MSVC's std::unordered_map says behavior is undefined if the hash function throws an exception (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/standard-library/unordered-map-class?view=msvc-170#emplace). That's easy to work around, though: we can just precompute all the hash functions.
b) my idiom for avoiding heterogenous lookups had a use after free problem: the weakref callback is called after the object is already in an invalid state. However, there's a much simpler solution: just create the weakref object and use it as a key unconditionally. Yes, this will mean we create more weak references than perhaps we had to otherwise. But this is simple and obviously correct.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 681479822

xla/python/BUILD

@@ -1112,6 +1112,7 @@ cc_library(
         # placeholder for index annotation deps
         "@com_google_absl//absl/base:core_headers",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/cleanup",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/hash",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/strings",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/synchronization",
         "@nanobind",

xla/python/weakref_lru_cache.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 
 #include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h"
 #include "absl/cleanup/cleanup.h"
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
 #include "absl/synchronization/notification.h"
@@ -78,34 +79,58 @@ class HashablePyDictIter {
   nb::detail::dict_iterator& iter_;
 };
 
+struct HashableKey {
+  nb::object context;
+  nb::args args;
+  nb::kwargs kwargs;
+
+  template <typename H>
+  friend H AbslHashValue(H h, const HashableKey& key) {
+    // Note: Despite the fact this is an ABSL hash function, it's safe to call
+    // functions that may throw exceptions such as nb::hash(), because it is
+    // used by an LRUCache, which uses a std::unordered_map, which is
+    // exception-safe.
+    h = H::combine(std::move(h), nb::hash(key.context), nb::hash(key.args));
+    nb::detail::dict_iterator begin = key.kwargs.begin();
+    nb::detail::dict_iterator end = key.kwargs.end();
+    h = H::combine_unordered(std::move(h), HashablePyDictIter(begin),
+                             HashablePyDictIter(end));
+    h = H::combine(std::move(h), key.kwargs.size());
+    return h;
+  }
+};
+
 }  // namespace
 
 class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
  public:
-  struct Key {
-    nb::object context;
-    nb::args args;
-    nb::kwargs kwargs;
+  class Key {
+   public:
+    Key(nb::object context, nb::args args, nb::kwargs kwargs)
+        : context_(std::move(context)),
+          args_(std::move(args)),
+          kwargs_(std::move(kwargs)),
+          cached_hash_(absl::HashOf(HashableKey{context_, args_, kwargs_})) {}
 
     bool operator==(const Key& other) const {
-      return context.equal(other.context) && args.equal(other.args) &&
-             kwargs.equal(other.kwargs);
+      return context_.equal(other.context_) && args_.equal(other.args_) &&
+             kwargs_.equal(other.kwargs_);
     }
 
     template <typename H>
     friend H AbslHashValue(H h, const Key& key) {
-      // Note: Despite the fact this is an ABSL hash function, it's safe to call
-      // functions that may throw exceptions such as nb::hash(), because it is
-      // used by an LRUCache, which uses a std::unordered_map, which is
-      // exception-safe.
-      h = H::combine(std::move(h), nb::hash(key.context), nb::hash(key.args));
-      nb::detail::dict_iterator begin = key.kwargs.begin();
-      nb::detail::dict_iterator end = key.kwargs.end();
-      h = H::combine_unordered(std::move(h), HashablePyDictIter(begin),
-                               HashablePyDictIter(end));
-      h = H::combine(std::move(h), key.kwargs.size());
-      return h;
+      return H::combine(std::move(h), key.cached_hash_);
     }
+
+    nb::object context() const { return context_; }
+    nb::args args() const { return args_; }
+    nb::kwargs kwargs() const { return kwargs_; }
+
+   private:
+    nb::object context_;
+    nb::args args_;
+    nb::kwargs kwargs_;
+    size_t cached_hash_;
   };
 
   struct CacheEntry {
@@ -123,14 +148,13 @@ class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
   };
 
   struct WeakrefCacheKey {
-    nb::handle object;
+    nb::weakref ref;
     size_t cached_hash;
   };
 
   using Cache = xla::LRUCache<Key, std::shared_ptr<CacheEntry>>;
 
   struct WeakrefCacheValue {
-    std::optional<nb::weakref> weakref;
     std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache;
   };
 
@@ -141,7 +165,7 @@ class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
   struct WeakrefKeyEq {
     bool operator()(const WeakrefCacheKey& lhs,
                     const WeakrefCacheKey& rhs) const {
-      return lhs.object.equal(rhs.object);
+      return lhs.ref.equal(rhs.ref);
     }
   };
 
@@ -150,43 +174,49 @@ class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
       : cache_context_fn_(cache_context_fn), fn_(fn), lru_list_(maxsize) {}
 
   std::shared_ptr<Cache> GetCache(WeakrefCacheKey key) {
-    auto [it, inserted] = entries_.emplace(key, WeakrefCacheValue());
-    if (!inserted) {
-      return it->second.cache;
+    WeakrefCacheValue& value = entries_[key];
+    if (!value.cache) {
+      value.cache = std::make_shared<Cache>(&lru_list_);
     }
+    return value.cache;
+  }
 
-    auto& value = it->second;
+  nb::object Call(nb::object weakref_key, nb::args args,
+                  nb::kwargs kwargs) ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    nb::object context = cache_context_fn_();
+
+    // We precompute all of the hash values needed by the various maps rather
+    // than computing them during the std::unordered_map insertions. At the very
+    // least, MSVC's std::unordered_map has undefined behavior if the hash
+    // function throws an exception
+    // (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/standard-library/unordered-map-class?view=msvc-170#emplace).
+    Key key(context, args, kwargs);
+    size_t wrcache_hash = static_cast<size_t>(nb::hash(weakref_key));
+
+    // No hash computations after this point.
 
-    value.cache = std::make_shared<Cache>(&lru_list_);
     auto weakref_gc_callback = nb::cpp_function(
-        [this_weak = weak_from_this(), key](nb::handle weakref) {
+        [this_weak = weak_from_this(), wrcache_hash](nb::handle weakref) {
           auto cache = this_weak.lock();
           if (cache == nullptr) {
             return;
           }
-          auto it = cache->entries_.find(key);
+          // The object the reference referred to is now in the process of being
+          // destroyed, so we cannot refer to its contents. Python weakref
+          // objects compare based on identity if the object they refer to is
+          // gone, so the hash lookup will work fine.
+          auto it = cache->entries_.find(
+              WeakrefCacheKey{nb::borrow<nb::weakref>(weakref), wrcache_hash});
           if (it == cache->entries_.end()) {
             return;
           }
           // Create temp-var to avoid re-entrant erase.
           auto tmp = std::move(it->second);
           cache->entries_.erase(it);
         });
-    PyObject* ref =
-        PyWeakref_NewRef(key.object.ptr(), weakref_gc_callback.ptr());
-    if (!ref) {
-      entries_.erase(it);
-      throw nb::python_error();
-    }
-    value.weakref = nb::steal<nb::weakref>(ref);
-    return value.cache;
-  }
-
-  nb::object Call(nb::object weakref_key, nb::args args,
-                  nb::kwargs kwargs) ABSL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
-    nb::object context = cache_context_fn_();
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_ptr = GetCache(WeakrefCacheKey{
-        weakref_key, static_cast<size_t>(nb::hash(weakref_key))});
+    nb::weakref weakref = nb::weakref(weakref_key, weakref_gc_callback);
+    WeakrefCacheKey wrcache_key{weakref, wrcache_hash};
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_ptr = GetCache(wrcache_key);
     Cache& cache = *cache_ptr;
     ++total_queries_;
 
@@ -206,7 +236,6 @@ class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
       // released if that happens.
       absl::Cleanup unlock = [this]()
                                  ABSL_UNLOCK_FUNCTION(mu_) { mu_.Unlock(); };
-      Key key{context, args, kwargs};
       entry = cache.GetOrCreateIfAbsent(key, [&inserted](const Key& key) {
         inserted = true;
         return std::make_shared<CacheEntry>();
@@ -245,8 +274,8 @@ class WeakrefLRUCache : public std::enable_shared_from_this<WeakrefLRUCache> {
     for (const auto& wr_entry : entries_) {
       for (const auto& rest : *wr_entry.second.cache) {
         nb::tuple result =
-            nb::make_tuple(*wr_entry.second.weakref, rest.first.context,
-                           rest.first.args, rest.first.kwargs);
+            nb::make_tuple(*wr_entry.first.ref, rest.first.context(),
+                           rest.first.args(), rest.first.kwargs());
         results.push_back(std::move(result));
       }
     }

xla/python/weakref_lru_cache_test.py

@@ -160,6 +160,29 @@ class WRKey:
         "WeakrefLRUCache(hits=5, misses=10, maxsize=2048, currsize=10)",
     )
 
+  def testGCKeys(self):
+    class WRKey:
+
+      def __init__(self, x):
+        self.x = x
+
+      def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.x == other.x
+
+      def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.x)
+
+    cache = xla_client.weakref_lru_cache(lambda: None, lambda x, y: y, 2048)
+    keys = [WRKey(i) for i in range(10)]
+    for i in range(10):
+      cache(keys[i], i)
+
+    # Delete some keys, to exercise the weakref callback behavior.
+    del keys[::2]
+
+    for key in keys:
+      cache(key, 7)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   absltest.main()