Add tests that CodedOutputStream.spaceLeft isn't negative after overf…

…low.

Not all encoders pass this test yet.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 676726356

java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java

@@ -1306,12 +1306,14 @@ final void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOEx
 
     @Override
     public final void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      int position = this.position;
       try {
         buffer[position++] = value;
       } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
         throw new OutOfSpaceException(
             String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
       }
+      this.position = position; // Only update position if we stayed within the array bounds.
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -2042,7 +2044,12 @@ public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
 
     @Override
     public void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
-      buffer.putInt(bufferPos(position), value);
+      try {
+        buffer.putInt(bufferPos(position), value);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 4), e);
+      }
       position += FIXED32_SIZE;
     }
 
@@ -2076,7 +2083,12 @@ public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
 
     @Override
     public void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
-      buffer.putLong(bufferPos(position), value);
+      try {
+        buffer.putLong(bufferPos(position), value);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 4), e);
+      }
       position += FIXED64_SIZE;
     }