GitHub - psanlorenzo/next-translate: Tool to translate Next.js applications ○ (Static) | ● (SSG) | λ (Server)

i18n for Next.js | ○ (Static) | ● (SSG) | λ (Server)

1. About next-translate
- How is this lib handling the routes?
2. Getting started
3. Translation JSONs folder
4. Configuration
5. API
6. Plurals
7. Use HTML inside the translation
8. Nested translations
9. How to change the language
10. Get language in the special Next.js functions
11. Demos
- Static site example
- With custom server example

1. About next-translate

Next-translate is a tool to translate Next.js pages.

The main goal of this library is to keep the translations as simple as possible in a Next.js environment.

This library is very tiny and tree shakable.

How is this lib handling the routes?

Instead of working on /pages directory to write our pages, we are going to generate this folder before building the app, and each page will have all the necessary translations from the locale.

Imagine that we are working in an alternative /pages_ to build our pages:

/pages_

.
├── about.js
├── index.js
└── nested
    └── index.js

Then, when we build the app, this /pages structure is going to be automatically generated:

.
├── about.js
├── ca
│   ├── about.js
│   ├── index.js
│   └── nested
│       └── index.js
├── en
│   ├── about.js
│   ├── index.js
│   └── nested
│       └── index.js
├── es
│   ├── about.js
│   ├── index.js
│   └── nested
│       └── index.js
├── index.js
└── nested
    └── index.js

Each page and its components can consume the translations with the useTranslation hook.

const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
const title = t('common:title')

2. Getting started

Requirements

In order to take the advantage of Automatic Static Optimization of Next.js, make sure to not use a custom server.

If you need a custom server, instead of this Getting started, take a look to this other one.

Install

yarn add next-translate

Note: For a Next.js version below than 9.3.0, use [email protected] or below

In your package.json:

"scripts": {
  "dev": "next-translate && next dev",
  "build": "next-translate && next build",
  "start": "next start"
}

Use translations in your pages

You should create your namespaces files inside /locales. See how to do it

Add a configuration file i18n.json in the root of the project. Each page should have its namespaces. Take a look to the config section for more details.

{
  "allLanguages": ["en", "ca", "es"],
  "defaultLanguage": "en",
  "currentPagesDir": "pages_",
  "finalPagesDir": "pages",
  "localesPath": "locales",
  "pages": {
    "*": ["common"],
    "/": ["home", "example"],
    "/about": ["about"]
  }
}

Then, use the translations in the page and its components:

import useTranslation from 'next-translate/useTranslation'
// ...
const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
const example = t('common:variable-example', { count: 42 })
// ...
return <div>{example}</div>

⚠️ Important: _app.js, _document.js and _error.js are not going to be wrapped with the translations context, so it's not possible to direclty translate these files. In order to do that, you should take a look at DynamicNamespaces to load the namespaces dynamically.

Add /pages to .gitignore

/pages directory is going to be generated every time based on /pages_, so it's not necessary to track it in git.

3. Translation JSONs folder

The /locales directory should be like this:

/locales

.
├── ca
│   ├── common.json
│   └── home.json
├── en
│   ├── common.json
│   └── home.json
└── es
    ├── common.json
    └── home.json

Each filename matches the namespace, while each file content should be similar to this:

{
  "title": "Hello world",
  "variable-example": "Using a variable {{count}}"
}

In order to use each translation in the project, use the translation id composed by namespace:key(ex: common:variable-example).

4. Configuration

Option	Description	Type	Default
`defaultLanguage`	A string with the ISO locale ("en" as default). Also you can pass it as a function to return the language depending on the `req` param (only when using a custom server).	`string	function`
`allLanguages`	An array with all the languages to use in the project.	`Array<string>`	`[]`
`ignoreRoutes`	An array with all the routes to ignore in the middleware. This config property only effects using a custom server with the `i18nMiddleware`.	`Array<string>`	`['/_next/', '/static/', '/favicon.ico', '/manifest.json', '/robots.txt']`
`redirectToDefaultLang`	When it's set to `true`, the route `/some-page` redirects to `/en/some-path` (if `en` is the default language). When it's set to `false`, entering to `/some-path` renders the page with the default language but without redirecting. Using Static/SSG the redirect works in the browser with `Router.replace` meanwhile using a custom server, it does a real 301 status redirect.	`boolean`	`false`
`currentPagesDir`	A string with the directory where you have the pages code. Using a custom server this configuration won't have any effect.	`string`	`"pages\_"`
`finalPagesDir`	A string with the directory that is going to be used to build the pages. Only "pages" and "src/pages" are possible. Using a custom server this configuration won't have any effect.	`string`	`"pages"`
`localesPath`	A string with the directory of JSONs locales. It doesn't work with a custom server, instead you should use the `loadLocaleFrom` config.	`string`	`"locales"`
`loadLocaleFrom`	A function to return the dynamic import of each locale. IT ONLY WORKS with a custom server. If you don't use a custom server, you should use the `localesPath` instead. See an example	`Function`	`null`
`pages`	An object that defines the namespaces used in each page. Example of object: `{"/": ["home", "example"]}`. To add namespaces to all pages you should use the key `""`, ex: `{"": ["common"]}`. It's also possible to use regex using `rgx:` on front: `{"rgx:/form$": ["form"]}`. In case of using a custom server, you can also use a function instead of an array, to provide some namespaces depending on some rules, ex: `{ "/": ({ req, query }) => query.type === 'example' ? ['example'] : []}`	`Object<Array<string>/Function`	`{}`

5. API

useTranslation

📦Size: ~614b

This hook is the recommended way to use translations in your pages / components.

Input: void
Output: Object { t: Function, lang: string }

Example:

import React from 'react'
import useTranslation from 'next-translate/useTranslation'

export default function Description() {
  const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
  const title = t('title')
  const description = t`common:description` // also works as template string
  const example = t('common:example', { count: 3 }) // and with query params

  return (
    <>
      <h1>{title}</h1>
      <p>{description}</p>
      <p>{example}</p>
    <>
  )
}

The t function:

Input:
- i18nKey: string (namespace:key)
- query: Object (example: { name: 'Leonard' })
Output: string

withTranslation

📦Size: ~759b

It's an alternative to useTranslation hook, but in a HOC for these components that are no-functional.

The withTranslation HOC returns a Component with an extra prop named i18n (Object { t: Function, lang: string }).

Example:

import React from 'react'
import withTranslation from 'next-translate/withTranslation'

class Description extends React.Component {
  render() {
    const { t, lang } = this.props.i18n
    const description = t('common:description')

    return <p>{description}</p>
  }
}

export default withTranslation(NoFunctionalComponent)

Trans Component

📦Size: ~1.5kb

Sometimes we need to do some translations with HTML inside the text (bolds, links, etc), the Trans component is exactly what you need for this. We recommend to use this component only in this case, for other cases we highly recommend the usage of useTranslation hook instead.

Example:

// The defined dictionary enter is like:
// "example": "<0>The number is <1>{{count}}</1></0>",
<Trans
  i18nKey="common:example"
  components={[<Component />, <b className="red" />]}
  values={{ count: 42 }}
/>

Props:
- i18nKey - string - key of i18n entry (namespace:key)
- components - Array - Each index corresponds to the defined tag <0>/<1>.
- values - Object - query params

appWithI18n

📦Size: ~4.7kb

This HOC is the way to wrap all your app under translations in the case that you are using a custom server. This method should not be used in a static site. This HOC adds logic to the getInitialProps to download the necessary namespaces in order to use it in your pages.

Example:

_app.js

import appWithI18n from 'next-translate/appWithI18n'
import i18nConfig from '../i18n'

function MyApp({ Component, pageProps }) {
  return <Component {...pageProps} />
}

export default appWithI18n(MyApp, i18nConfig)

See more details about the config you can use.

DynamicNamespaces

📦Size: ~4.1kb

The DynamicNamespaces component is useful to load dynamic namespaces, for example, in modals. This component works in both cases (static sites and with a custom server).

Example:

import React from 'react'
import Trans from 'next-translate/Trans'
import DynamicNamespaces from 'next-translate/DynamicNamespaces'

export default function ExampleWithDynamicNamespace() {
  return (
    <DynamicNamespaces
      dynamic={(lang, ns) =>
        import(`../../locales/${lang}/${ns}.json`).then((m) => m.default)
      }
      namespaces={['dynamic']}
      fallback="Loading..."
    >
      {/* ALSO IS POSSIBLE TO USE NAMESPACES FROM THE PAGE */}
      <h1>
        <Trans i18nKey="common:title" />
      </h1>

      {/* USING DYNAMIC NAMESPACE */}
      <Trans i18nKey="dynamic:example-of-dynamic-translation" />
    </DynamicNamespaces>
  )
}

Remember that ['dynamic'] namespace should not be listed on pages configuration:

 pages: {
    '/my-page': ['common'], // only common namespace
  }

i18nMiddleware

📦Size: ~1.4kb

This middleware is used for translations behind a custom server. You should add this middleware:

const i18nMiddleware = require('next-translate/i18nMiddleware').default
const i18nConfig = require('./i18n')

// ...
server.use(i18nMiddleware(i18nConfig))

See more details about the config you can use.

Props:

dynamic - Function - Generic dynamic import of all namespaces (mandatory).
namespaces - Array - List of namespaces to load dynamically (mandatory).
fallback - Any - Fallback to render meanwhile namespaces are loading (default: null)

Link

📦Size: ~11kb (next/link size included)

It's a wrapper of next/link that adds the current language at the beginning of the path, so you don't have to worry to add the language in every navigation. In order to change the language, you can pass the lang as props:

import Link from 'next-translate/Link'

// If the current language is 'en':

// -> Navigate to /en/some-path
<Link href="/some-path"><a>Navigate</a></Link>

 // -> Navigate to /es/route-in-spanish
<Link href="/route-in-spanish" lang="es"><a>Navigate</a></Link>

// -> Navigate to /some-path
<Link noLang href="/some-path"><a>Navigate</a></Link>

Props: Same props than next/link + only one additional prop:

lang: <String> prop useful to navigate to a different language than the current one. The default value, if this prop is not provided, is the current language. So you don't need to worry about passing this prop for normal navigation.
noLang: <Boolean> prop to disable appending the current language to the route.

Router

📦Size: ~10kb (next/router size included)

It's a wrapper of next/router so you can use the normal router of next.js, adding two extra methods:

Router.pushI18n: It is exactly the same as Router.push, except that it adds the current language at the beginning of the URL. In order to change the language, you can pass the lang into the options.
Router.replaceI18n: It is exactly the same as Router.replace, with the difference that it adds the current language at the beginning of the URL. In order to change the language, you can pass the lang into the options.

import Router from 'next-translate/Router'

// If the current language is 'en':

// -> Navigate to /en/some-path
Router.pushI18n('/some-path')

// -> Navigate to /es/route-in-spanish
Router.pushI18n({ url: '/route-in-spanish', options: { lang: 'es' } })
// or
Router.pushI18n('/route-in-spanish', undefined, { lang: 'es' })

clientSideLang

📦Size: ~590b

Useful to get the language outside Components.

import clientSideLang from 'next-translate/clientSideLang'

// ...

export function myClientSideHelper() {
  const lang = clientSideLang()
  // ...
}

It is not recommended to use the clientSideLang directly on the server-side because it's stored in a global variable and it can cause some concurrency issues.

6. Plurals

You can define plurals this way:

{
  "plural-example": "This is singular because the value is {{count}}",
  "plural-example_0": "Is zero because the value is {{count}}",
  "plural-example_2": "Is two because the value is {{count}}",
  "plural-example_plural": "Is in plural because the value is {{count}}"
}

Example:

function PluralExample() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  const { t } = useTranslation()

  useEffect(() => {
    const interval = setInterval(() => {
      setCount((v) => (v === 5 ? 0 : v + 1))
    }, 1000)

    return () => clearInterval(interval)
  }, [])

  return <p>{t('namespace:plural-example', { count })}</p>
}

Result:

Note: Only works if the name of the variable is {{count}}.

7. Use HTML inside the translation

You can define HTML inside the translation this way:

{
  "example-with-html": "<0>This is an example <1>using HTML</1> inside the translation</0>"
}

Example:

import Trans from 'next-translate/Trans'
// ...
const Component = (props) => <p {...props} />
// ...
<Trans
  i18nKey="namespace:example-with-html"
  components={[<Component />, <b className="red" />]}
/>

Rendered result:

<p>This is an example <b class="red">using HTML</b> inside the translation</p>

Each index of components array corresponds with <index></index> of the definition.

In the components array, it's not necessary to pass the children of each element. Children will be calculated.

8. Nested translations

In the namespace, it's possible to define nested keys like this:

{
  "nested-example": {
    "very-nested": {
      "nested": "Nested example!"
    }
  }
}

In order to use it, you should use "." as id separator:

t`namespace:nested-example.very-nested.nested`

9. How to change the language

In order to change the current language you don't need anything of this library, you can do it directly with the next navigation:

https://nextjs.org/learn/basics/navigate-between-pages

The only thing to remember is to navigate with the /lang/ on front.

An example of a possible ChangeLanguage component:

import React from 'react'
import Link from 'next-translate/Link'
import useTranslation from 'next-translate/useTranslation'
import i18nConfig from '../i18n.json'

const { allLanguages } = i18nConfig

function ChangeLanguage() {
  const { t, lang } = useTranslation()

  return allLanguages.map((lng) => {
    if (lng === lang) return null

    // Or you can attach the current pathame at the end
    // to keep the same page
    return (
      <Link href="/" lang={lng} key={lng}>
        {t(`layout:language-name-${lng}`)}
      </Link>
    )
  })
}

10. Get language in the special Next.js functions

If you use a custom server, this section is not applicable, but you can read how to do it here.

In order to use the lang in the special Next.js functions, the lang property is added to the context.

getStaticProps

export async function getStaticProps({ lang }) {
  return {
    props: {
      data: fetchMyDataFromLang(lang),
    },
  }
}

See here the official Next.js docs about getStaticProps.

getStaticPaths

export async function getStaticPaths({ lang }) {
  return {
    paths: generatePathsFromLang(lang),
    fallback: false,
  }
}

See here the official Next.js docs about getStaticPaths.

getServerSideProps

export async function getServerSideProps({ lang }) {
  return {
    props: {
      data: queryDataFromDB(lang),
    },
  }
}

See here the official Next.js docs about getServerSideProps

getInitialProps

Recommended: Use getStaticProps or getServerSideProps instead.

MyPage.getInitialProps = async ({ lang }) => {
  return {
    data: fetchMyDataFromLang(lang),
  }
}

See here the official Next.js docs about getInitialProps

11. Demos

Static site example

yarn install
yarn example:static-site

With custom server example

yarn install
yarn example:with-server

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 119 Commits
.github/workflows		.github/workflows
__tests__		__tests__
cli		cli
docs		docs
examples		examples
images		images
src		src
.babelrc		.babelrc
.gitignore		.gitignore
.npmignore		.npmignore
.npmrc		.npmrc
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
package.json		package.json
yarn.lock		yarn.lock

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Repository files navigation

1. About next-translate

How is this lib handling the routes?

2. Getting started

Requirements

Install

Use translations in your pages

Add /pages to .gitignore

3. Translation JSONs folder

4. Configuration

5. API

useTranslation

withTranslation

Trans Component

appWithI18n

DynamicNamespaces

i18nMiddleware

Link

Router

clientSideLang

6. Plurals

7. Use HTML inside the translation

8. Nested translations

9. How to change the language

10. Get language in the special Next.js functions

getStaticProps

getStaticPaths

getServerSideProps

getInitialProps

11. Demos

Static site example

With custom server example

About

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psanlorenzo/next-translate

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Repository files navigation

1. About next-translate

How is this lib handling the routes?

2. Getting started

Requirements

Install

Use translations in your pages

Add /pages to .gitignore

3. Translation JSONs folder

4. Configuration

5. API

useTranslation

withTranslation

Trans Component

appWithI18n

DynamicNamespaces

i18nMiddleware

Link

Router

clientSideLang

6. Plurals

7. Use HTML inside the translation

8. Nested translations

9. How to change the language

10. Get language in the special Next.js functions

getStaticProps

getStaticPaths

getServerSideProps

getInitialProps

11. Demos

Static site example

With custom server example

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