Fix Invalid no-name-in-module when shadowing a base module with an alias then calling a method named format on that alias.

doc/whatsnew/fragments/10193.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix incorrect `no-name-in-module` when calling methods on shadowed imports (e.g. `import pkg.sub as pkg`).
+
+Closes #10193

pylint/checkers/variables.py

@@ -201,7 +201,20 @@ class C: ...
 def _infer_name_module(node: nodes.Import, name: str) -> Generator[InferenceResult]:
     context = astroid.context.InferenceContext()
     context.lookupname = name
-    return node.infer(context, asname=False)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    if (
+        len(node.names) == 1
+        and node.names[0][1]
+        and "." in node.names[0][0]
+        and node.names[0][0].startswith(node.names[0][1] + ".")
+    ):
+
+        module = next(node.infer(context, asname=False), None)
+        if isinstance(module, nodes.Module):
+            yield module
+            return
+
+    yield from node.infer(context, asname=False)
 
 
 def _fix_dot_imports(
@@ -3148,6 +3161,16 @@ def _check_module_attrs(
         """Check that module_names (list of string) are accessible through the
         given module, if the latest access name corresponds to a module, return it.
         """
+        if isinstance(node, nodes.Import) and module_names:
+            for alias, asname in node.names:
+                if (
+                    asname
+                    and "." in alias
+                    and alias.startswith(asname + ".")
+                    and module_names[0] == alias.split(".")[-1]
+                ):
+                    module_names.pop(0)
+                    break
         while module_names:
             name = module_names.pop(0)
             if name == "__dict__":

tests/checkers/unittest_import_module_shadowing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Licensed under the GPL: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+# For details: https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint/blob/main/LICENSE
+# Copyright (c) https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint/blob/main/CONTRIBUTORS.txt
+
+# pylint: disable=missing-docstring,consider-using-with,trailing-whitespace,unused-import
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+from pylint import lint
+from pylint.testutils import GenericTestReporter
+
+
+class ModuleShadowingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.addCleanup(self.tempdir.cleanup)
+        self.pkg_dir = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, "my_module")
+        os.makedirs(self.pkg_dir)
+
+        with open(
+            os.path.join(self.pkg_dir, "__init__.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8"
+        ) as f:
+            f.write("")
+
+        self.utils_file = os.path.join(self.pkg_dir, "utils.py")
+        with open(self.utils_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write("def format():\n    pass\n\ndef other_method():\n    pass\n")
+
+        self.test_file = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, "main.py")
+
+    def _run_pylint(self, code: str) -> list[Message]:
+        with open(self.test_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write(code)
+
+        reporter = GenericTestReporter()
+        lint.Run(
+            [
+                "--disable=all",
+                "--enable=no-name-in-module",
+                "--persistent=no",
+                "--rcfile=",
+                self.test_file,
+            ],
+            reporter=reporter,
+            exit=False,
+        )
+        return reporter.messages
+
+    def test_shadowed_format_call(self) -> None:
+        code = "import my_module.utils as my_module\nmy_module.format()\n"
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+    def test_early_module_yield(self) -> None:
+        code = """
+                import my_module.utils as my_module
+                x = my_module.other_method()
+                y = [my_module.format() for _ in range(1)]
+                """
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+    def test_nested_shadowed_imports(self) -> None:
+        code = """
+                import my_module.submodule.utils as my_module
+                my_module.format()
+                """
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+    def test_access_module_dict(self) -> None:
+        code = "import my_module.utils as utils\nprint(utils.__dict__)\n"
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+    def test_non_shadowed_import(self) -> None:
+        code = "import my_module.utils as utils\nutils.format()\n"
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+    def test_shadowed_import_without_call(self) -> None:
+        code = "import my_module.utils as my_module\n"
+        messages = self._run_pylint(code)
+        errors = [msg for msg in messages if msg.msg_id == "E0611"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()