Support GraalPy

README.md

@@ -36,13 +36,14 @@ What does it do?
 | PyPy 3.8 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.9 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.10 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| GraalPy 24.1   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 
-<sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
 <sup>³ CPython 3.13 is built by default using Python RCs, starting with cibuildwheel 2.20. Free-threaded mode will still require opt-in using [`CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support).</sup><br>
 <sup>⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
 
-- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
+- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
 - Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
+import re
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union
@@ -44,13 +45,19 @@ class ConfigWinPP(TypedDict):
     url: str
 
 
+class ConfigWinGP(TypedDict):
+    identifier: str
+    version: str
+    url: str
+
+
 class ConfigMacOS(TypedDict):
     identifier: str
     version: str
     url: str
 
 
-AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]
+AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigWinGP, ConfigMacOS]
 
 
 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to
@@ -106,6 +113,72 @@ def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP | None:
         )
 
 
+class GraalPyVersions:
+    def __init__(self):
+        response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/repos/oracle/graalpython/releases")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+        releases = response.json()
+        gp_version_re = re.compile(r"-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$")
+        cp_version_re = re.compile(r"Python (\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
+        for release in releases:
+            m = gp_version_re.search(release["tag_name"])
+            if m:
+                release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
+            m = cp_version_re.search(release["body"])
+            if m:
+                release["python_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
+
+        self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
+
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> AnyConfig:
+        if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
+            arch = "x86_64"
+        elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
+            arch = "aarch64"
+        else:
+            msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
+
+        if not releases:
+            msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        release = releases[-1]
+        version = release["python_version"]
+        gpversion = release["graalpy_version"]
+
+        if "macosx" in identifier:
+            arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
+            config = ConfigMacOS
+            platform = "macos"
+        elif "win" in identifier:
+            arch = "aarch64" if "arm64" in identifier else "x86_64"
+            config = ConfigWinGP
+            platform = "windows"
+        else:
+            msg = "GraalPy provides downloads for macOS and Windows and is included for manylinux"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
+        ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
+        (url,) = (
+            rf["browser_download_url"]
+            for rf in release["assets"]
+            if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
+            and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
+        )
+
+        return config(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
+            url=url,
+        )
+
+
 class PyPyVersions:
     def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr):
         response = requests.get("https://downloads.python.org/pypy/versions.json")
@@ -250,6 +323,8 @@ def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
         self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")
 
+        self.graalpy = GraalPyVersions()
+
     def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
         identifier = config["identifier"]
         version = Version(config["version"])
@@ -267,6 +342,8 @@ def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
                 elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
+            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
+                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
         elif "win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
@@ -278,6 +355,8 @@ def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
                 config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                 config_update = self.windows_pypy_64.update_version_windows(spec)
+            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
+                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
         elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -212,6 +212,8 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
         build_description += "CPython"
     elif python_interpreter == "pp":
         build_description += "PyPy"
+    elif python_interpreter == "gp":
+        build_description += "GraalPy"
     else:
         msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
         raise Exception(msg)

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -198,6 +198,22 @@ def can_use_uv(python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> bool:
     return all(conditions)
 
 
+def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
+    graalpy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    extension = ".tar.gz"
+    assert graalpy_archive.endswith(extension)
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / graalpy_archive[: -len(extension)]
+    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
+        if not installation_path.exists():
+            downloaded_archive = tmp / graalpy_archive
+            download(url, downloaded_archive)
+            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+            # GraalPy top-folder name is inconsistent with archive name
+            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "--strip-components=1", "-xzf", downloaded_archive)
+            downloaded_archive.unlink()
+    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy"
+
+
 def setup_python(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
@@ -222,6 +238,8 @@ def setup_python(
 
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
+    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
+        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
     else:
         msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
         raise ValueError(msg)

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
         output_dir = args.output_dir
 
         build_config = (
-            self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")) or "*"
+            self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")) or "[!g]*"
         )
         skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
         test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "gp241-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy241_311_native" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "gp241-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy241_311_native" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
@@ -136,6 +138,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "gp241-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.1.0/graalpy-24.1.0-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp241-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.1.0/graalpy-24.1.0-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp241-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.1.0/graalpy-24.1.0-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -138,6 +138,20 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
     return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
+def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
+    zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    extension = ".zip"
+    assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
+    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
+        if not installation_path.exists():
+            graalpy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
+            download(url, graalpy_zip)
+            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
+            extract_zip(graalpy_zip, installation_path.parent)
+    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy.exe"
+
+
 def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
@@ -257,6 +271,8 @@ def setup_python(
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
+    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
+        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url or "")
     else:
         msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
         raise ValueError(msg)

test/conftest.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "pip":
         pytest.skip("Can't use pip as build frontend for pyodide platform")
 
-    return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
+    return {"CIBW_BUILD": "gp*", "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def build_frontend_env(build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str
     if frontend != "build" or platform == "pyodide" or find_uv() is None:
         return build_frontend_env_nouv
 
-    return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build[uv]"}
+    return {"CIBW_BUILD": "gp*", "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build[uv]"}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
         project_dir,
         add_env={
-            # free_threaded and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
+            # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": f"cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* {single_python_tag}-* cp313t-*"
+            "CIBW_BUILD": f"cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp241-* {single_python_tag}-* cp313t-*"
         },
     )
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
         expected_wheels = [
             w.replace("cp310-cp310", "cp310-abi3")
             for w in expected_wheels
-            if "-cp39" in w or "-cp310" in w or "-pp310" in w or "-cp313t" in w
+            if "-cp39" in w or "-cp310" in w or "-pp310" in w or "-gp241" in w or "-cp313t" in w
         ]
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
     before_build = (
-        """python -c "import sys; open('{project}/pythonversion_bb.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && """
-        f'''python -c "import sys; open('{{project}}/pythonprefix_bb.txt', 'w').write({SYS_PREFIX})"'''
+        """python -c "import sys; f = open('{project}/pythonversion_bb.txt', 'w'); f.write(sys.version); f.close()" && """
+        f'''python -c "import sys; f = open('{{project}}/pythonprefix_bb.txt', 'w'); f.write({SYS_PREFIX}); f.close()"'''
     )
 
     # build the wheels

test/test_before_test.py

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(test_project_dir)
 
     before_test_steps = [
-        '''python -c "import os, sys; open('{project}/pythonversion_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)"''',
-        '''python -c "import os, sys; open('{project}/pythonprefix_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)"''',
+        '''python -c "import os, sys; f = open('{project}/pythonversion_bt.txt', 'w'); f.write(sys.version); f.close()"''',
+        '''python -c "import os, sys; f = open('{project}/pythonprefix_bt.txt', 'w'); f.write(sys.prefix); f.close()"''',
     ]
 
     if utils.platform == "pyodide":

test/utils.py

@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
                 "pp38-pypy38_pp73",
                 "pp39-pypy39_pp73",
                 "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
+                "graalpy311-graalpy241_311_native",
             ]
 
         if platform == "macos" and machine_arch == "arm64":
@@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
                 "pp38-pypy38_pp73",
                 "pp39-pypy39_pp73",
                 "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
+                "graalpy311-graalpy241_311_native",
             ]
 
     if single_python:
@@ -245,7 +247,11 @@ def expected_wheels(
         if platform == "linux":
             architectures = [arch_name_for_linux(machine_arch)]
 
-            if machine_arch == "x86_64" and not single_arch:
+            if (
+                machine_arch == "x86_64"
+                and not single_arch
+                and not python_abi_tag.startswith("graalpy")
+            ):
                 architectures.append("i686")
 
             if len(manylinux_versions) > 0:
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
                     )
                     for architecture in architectures
                 ]
-            if len(musllinux_versions) > 0 and not python_abi_tag.startswith("pp"):
+            if len(musllinux_versions) > 0 and not python_abi_tag.startswith(("pp", "graalpy")):
                 platform_tags.extend(
                     [
                         ".".join(

unit_test/linux_build_steps_test.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):
                 manylinux-x86_64-image = "normal_container_image"
                 manylinux-i686-image = "normal_container_image"
                 build = "*-manylinux_x86_64"
-                skip = "pp*"
+                skip = "[gp]p*"
                 archs = "x86_64 i686"
 
                 [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]