Conformance tests and spec change for generic type erasure (#1589)

conformance/results/mypy/generics_type_erasure.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+conformant = "Partial"
+notes = """
+Infers Node[Never] instead of Node[Any] when argument is not provided.
+False negative on instance attribute access on type(node).
+"""
+output = """
+generics_type_erasure.py:17: error: Expression is of type "Node[Never]", not "Node[Any]"  [assert-type]
+generics_type_erasure.py:20: error: Expression is of type Never, not "Any"  [assert-type]
+generics_type_erasure.py:36: error: Argument 1 to "Node" has incompatible type "str"; expected "int | None"  [arg-type]
+generics_type_erasure.py:38: error: Argument 1 to "Node" has incompatible type "int"; expected "str | None"  [arg-type]
+generics_type_erasure.py:40: error: Access to generic instance variables via class is ambiguous  [misc]
+generics_type_erasure.py:41: error: Access to generic instance variables via class is ambiguous  [misc]
+generics_type_erasure.py:42: error: Access to generic instance variables via class is ambiguous  [misc]
+generics_type_erasure.py:43: error: Access to generic instance variables via class is ambiguous  [misc]
+"""

conformance/results/pyre/generics_type_erasure.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+conformant = "Partial"
+notes = """
+Doesn't allow using Node[Any] in assert_type expression.
+False negatives on instance attribute access on the type.
+"""
+output = """
+generics_type_erasure.py:11:0 Uninitialized attribute [13]: Attribute `label` is declared in class `Node` to have type `Variable[T]` but is never initialized.
+generics_type_erasure.py:17:25 Incompatible parameter type [6]: In call `typing.GenericMeta.__getitem__`, for 1st positional argument, expected `Type[Variable[T]]` but got `object`.
+generics_type_erasure.py:36:15 Incompatible parameter type [6]: In call `Node.__init__`, for 1st positional argument, expected `Optional[int]` but got `str`.
+generics_type_erasure.py:38:15 Incompatible parameter type [6]: In call `Node.__init__`, for 1st positional argument, expected `Optional[str]` but got `int`.
+"""

conformance/results/pyright/generics_type_erasure.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+conformant = "Partial"
+notes = """
+False negatives on instance attribute access on the type.
+"""
+output = """
+generics_type_erasure.py:36:16 - error: Argument of type "Literal['']" cannot be assigned to parameter "label" of type "int | None" in function "__init__"
+  Type "Literal['']" cannot be assigned to type "int | None"
+    "Literal['']" is incompatible with "int"
+    "Literal['']" is incompatible with "None" (reportGeneralTypeIssues)
+generics_type_erasure.py:38:16 - error: Argument of type "Literal[0]" cannot be assigned to parameter "label" of type "str | None" in function "__init__"
+  Type "Literal[0]" cannot be assigned to type "str | None"
+    "Literal[0]" is incompatible with "str"
+    "Literal[0]" is incompatible with "None" (reportGeneralTypeIssues)
+generics_type_erasure.py:42:6 - error: Cannot assign member "label" for type "type[Node[T@Node]]"
+  Expression of type "Literal[1]" cannot be assigned to member "label" of class "Node[T@Node]"
+    Member "__set__" is unknown
+    Type "Literal[1]" cannot be assigned to type "T@Node" (reportGeneralTypeIssues)
+"""

conformance/results/pytype/generics_type_erasure.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+conformant = "Unsupported"
+output = """
+NotImplementedError: ParameterizedClass
+"""

conformance/tests/generics_type_erasure.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Specification: https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spec/generics.html#instantiating-generic-classes-and-type-erasure
+
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, Generic, assert_type
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+# > If the constructor (__init__ or __new__) uses T in its signature, and a
+# > corresponding argument value is passed, the type of the corresponding
+# > argument(s) is substituted. Otherwise, Any is assumed.
+
+class Node(Generic[T]):
+    label: T
+    def __init__(self, label: T | None = None) -> None: ...
+
+assert_type(Node(''), Node[str])
+assert_type(Node(0), Node[int])
+assert_type(Node(), Node[Any])
+
+assert_type(Node(0).label, int)
+assert_type(Node().label, Any)
+
+# > In case the inferred type uses [Any] but the intended type is more specific,
+# > you can use an annotation to force the type of the variable, e.g.:
+
+n1: Node[int] = Node()
+assert_type(n1, Node[int])
+n2: Node[str] = Node()
+assert_type(n2, Node[str])
+
+n3 = Node[int]()
+assert_type(n3, Node[int])
+n4 = Node[str]()
+assert_type(n4, Node[str])
+
+n5 = Node[int](0)   # OK
+n6 = Node[int]("")  # Type error
+n7 = Node[str]("")  # OK
+n8 = Node[str](0)   # Type error
+
+Node[int].label = 1  # Type error
+Node[int].label      # Type error
+Node.label = 1       # Type error
+Node.label           # Type error
+type(n1).label       # Type error
+assert_type(n1.label, int)
+assert_type(Node[int]().label, int)
+n1.label = 1         # OK
+
+# > [...] generic versions of concrete collections can be instantiated:
+
+from typing import DefaultDict
+
+data = DefaultDict[int, bytes]()
+assert_type(data[0], bytes)

docs/spec/generics.rst

@@ -333,15 +333,15 @@ argument(s) is substituted.  Otherwise, ``Any`` is assumed.  Example::
 
   class Node(Generic[T]):
       x: T # Instance attribute (see below)
-      def __init__(self, label: T = None) -> None:
+      def __init__(self, label: T | None = None) -> None:
           ...
 
   x = Node('')  # Inferred type is Node[str]
   y = Node(0)   # Inferred type is Node[int]
   z = Node()    # Inferred type is Node[Any]
 
 In case the inferred type uses ``[Any]`` but the intended type is more
-specific, you can use a type comment (see below) to force the type of
+specific, you can use an annotation (see below) to force the type of
 the variable, e.g.::
 
   # (continued from previous example)
@@ -373,8 +373,8 @@ class instance that does not have an instance attribute with the same name::
   Node.x = 1       # Error
   Node.x           # Error
   type(p).x        # Error
-  p.x              # Ok (evaluates to None)
-  Node[int]().x    # Ok (evaluates to None)
+  p.x              # Ok (evaluates to int)
+  Node[int]().x    # Ok (evaluates to int)
   p.x = 1          # Ok, but assigning to instance attribute
 
 Generic versions of abstract collections like ``Mapping`` or ``Sequence``