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Sync with react.dev @ 4bdb87b1 #23

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cbeb0ba
Add French to fully-translated languages (#6305)
tdd Sep 19, 2023
dfd15e8
Remove "robot=noindex" meta tag (#6260)
smikitky Sep 20, 2023
5f3565f
Fix like button color
gaearon Sep 21, 2023
bad7e90
Update team page (#6310)
josephsavona Sep 22, 2023
2ab8334
Update common.md (#6290)
s0h311 Sep 23, 2023
828e30a
chore: log heading missing url error on dev only (#6280)
GSTJ Sep 23, 2023
a1fbcf8
Update useEffect.md - The explanation on the timing of useEffect() ca…
JSerZANP Sep 23, 2023
1758515
Fix text in docs (#6253)
smdmori Sep 23, 2023
2390627
fix links (#6286)
awxiaoxian2020 Sep 23, 2023
91e7f69
Update tutorial error message to use ConsoleBlock
AhmedBaset Sep 25, 2023
4df3e7c
Remove pitfall and update Next link (#6318)
lunaleaps Sep 26, 2023
62b9b45
Main (#5963)
JustLolo Sep 26, 2023
2dbd195
Fix an incorrect person's name (#6066)
jajimajp Sep 26, 2023
01c3163
fix: wrong parameter name defined in explanation (#6158)
MatanBobi Sep 26, 2023
8afb1ef
Add info about App.js 2024 conference (#6192)
piaskowyk Sep 26, 2023
850327d
Update "Start a new React project" for stable Next.js App Router (#6020)
leerob Sep 28, 2023
d4c214a
Update Page not found to React18 URL (#6320)
SouSingh Sep 28, 2023
1dfc88f
fix: typo in useMemo example (#6330)
alainkaiser Oct 1, 2023
68f417a
Explain how `null` ends up in `ref.current` for React-managed refs (#…
eps1lon Oct 1, 2023
c45fa10
Fix "primatives" typo in cache.md (#6335)
psikoi Oct 5, 2023
3cd1723
Mention `use` as a Suspense-enabled data source (#6340)
sophiebits Oct 6, 2023
9aa84b1
Add Experimental Taint API Docs (#6337)
sebmarkbage Oct 6, 2023
fdad54d
Explain limitations of useSyncExternalStore with concurrency (#6339)
sophiebits Oct 9, 2023
88af66d
Fix comma splice
sophiebits Oct 9, 2023
f2c45ea
Add labs icon to experimental APIs (#6346)
sophiebits Oct 9, 2023
43f4702
Fix typo in typescript.md (#6347)
mattcarrollcode Oct 11, 2023
900a669
Upgrade react-collapsed (#5893)
roginfarrer Oct 11, 2023
e85b71d
Add 'ja' to deployedTranslations (#6351)
smikitky Oct 13, 2023
31b7881
Add GA4 tag to react.dev (#6350)
kmiddleton14 Oct 16, 2023
d22efb3
Added new meetup in Saskatoon - SK (#6341)
galexandrade Oct 17, 2023
90ca701
Add `useFormStatus` Hook API reference documentation (#6314)
mattcarrollcode Oct 17, 2023
5750680
docs: Remove unnecessary `when` (#6344)
locol23 Oct 18, 2023
b68e15a
fix typo in react-dom/hooks (#6355)
dragonsuperf Oct 18, 2023
10574e5
fix: add a missing import statement in useFormStatus.md (#6356)
koba04 Oct 18, 2023
9af01e2
Describing Your UI > Your UI as a tree (#6334)
lunaleaps Oct 19, 2023
16f90a9
Minor fixes to Understand Your UI as a Tree learn doc (#6365)
mattcarrollcode Oct 20, 2023
a0cacd7
Fix onScroll → onWheel typo in common-props (#6364)
insanj Oct 22, 2023
717f9b5
Remove unsupported ga-lite and update existing calls to GA4 (#6366)
kmiddleton14 Oct 24, 2023
bbdbaca
Fixes related to "Your UI as a Tree" (#6374)
smikitky Oct 24, 2023
63f9470
Add Error Boundary to useTransition API docs (#6354)
kmiddleton14 Oct 24, 2023
2779615
Warn about low entropy in taintUniqueValue.md (#6379)
sophiebits Oct 24, 2023
5e40d13
Add useFormState reference (#6338)
davidmccabe Oct 25, 2023
6ef844b
useFormState reference fixes (#6383)
davidmccabe Oct 25, 2023
df3ec65
Fix typo in experimental_taintObjectReference (#6385)
elicwhite Oct 26, 2023
97e61d7
Fix broken links caused by #6164 (#6375)
smikitky Oct 26, 2023
a272f0c
chore: fix typos (#6387)
harish-sethuraman Oct 26, 2023
76c1bde
Using strict equality in the JS example for City Quiz (#6373)
jerrykodes Oct 26, 2023
6a94b72
docs: update link to React Query (#6369)
TkDodo Oct 26, 2023
f6b7f9e
Removed canary: true from useTransition.md (#6389)
kevinfarrugia Oct 26, 2023
4b333ca
Add <form> Component reference documentation (#6312)
mattcarrollcode Oct 26, 2023
5d2113b
typos (#6390)
harish-sethuraman Oct 27, 2023
46b45fb
Add `useOptimistic Hook` API reference documentation (#6377)
kmiddleton14 Oct 27, 2023
b8acf01
Remove meta description from most pages (#6392)
sophiebits Oct 27, 2023
4bdb87b
Try to fix Google titles for directive pages (#6393)
sophiebits Oct 28, 2023
5721a65
Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/reactjs/react.dev into sync…
react-translations-bot Oct 30, 2023
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion .env.production
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1 +1 @@
NEXT_PUBLIC_GA_TRACKING_ID = 'UA-41298772-4'
NEXT_PUBLIC_GA_TRACKING_ID = 'G-B1E83PJ3RT'
3 changes: 1 addition & 2 deletions package.json
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -30,13 +30,12 @@
"classnames": "^2.2.6",
"date-fns": "^2.16.1",
"debounce": "^1.2.1",
"ga-lite": "^2.1.4",
"github-slugger": "^1.3.0",
"next": "^13.4.1",
"next-remote-watch": "^1.0.0",
"parse-numeric-range": "^1.2.0",
"react": "^0.0.0-experimental-16d053d59-20230506",
"react-collapsed": "npm:@gaearon/[email protected]",
"react-collapsed": "4.0.4",
"react-dom": "^0.0.0-experimental-16d053d59-20230506",
"remark-frontmatter": "^4.0.1",
"remark-gfm": "^3.0.1"
Expand Down
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15 changes: 6 additions & 9 deletions src/components/Layout/Feedback.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,6 @@

import {useState} from 'react';
import {useRouter} from 'next/router';
import {ga} from '../../utils/analytics';

export function Feedback({onSubmit = () => {}}: {onSubmit?: () => void}) {
const {asPath} = useRouter();
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -48,14 +47,12 @@ const thumbsDownIcon = (
function sendGAEvent(isPositive: boolean) {
// Fragile. Don't change unless you've tested the network payload
// and verified that the right events actually show up in GA.
ga(
'send',
'event',
'button',
'feedback',
window.location.pathname,
isPositive ? '1' : '0'
);
// @ts-ignore
gtag('event', 'feedback', {
event_category: 'button',
event_label: window.location.pathname,
value: isPositive ? 1 : 0,
});
}

function SendFeedback({onSubmit}: {onSubmit: () => void}) {
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/components/Layout/HomeContent.js
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1654,8 +1654,8 @@ function LikeButton({video}) {
<button
data-hover="LikeButton"
className={cn(
'outline-none focus:bg-red-50/5 focus:text-red-50 relative flex items-center justify-center w-10 h-10 cursor-pointer rounded-full text-tertiary hover:bg-card active:scale-95 active:bg-red-50/5 active:text-red-50',
isLiked && 'text-red-50'
'outline-none focus:bg-red-50/5 focus:text-red-50 relative flex items-center justify-center w-10 h-10 cursor-pointer rounded-full hover:bg-card active:scale-95 active:bg-red-50/5 active:text-red-50',
isLiked ? 'text-red-50' : 'text-tertiary'
)}
aria-label={isLiked ? 'Unsave' : 'Save'}
onClick={() => {
Expand Down
8 changes: 7 additions & 1 deletion src/components/Layout/Page.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ interface PageProps {
children: React.ReactNode;
toc: Array<TocItem>;
routeTree: RouteItem;
meta: {title?: string; canary?: boolean; description?: string};
meta: {
title?: string;
titleForTitleTag?: string;
canary?: boolean;
description?: string;
};
section: 'learn' | 'reference' | 'community' | 'blog' | 'home' | 'unknown';
}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -107,6 +112,7 @@ export function Page({children, toc, routeTree, meta, section}: PageProps) {
<>
<Seo
title={title}
titleForTitleTag={meta.titleForTitleTag}
isHomePage={isHomePage}
image={`/images/og-` + section + '.png'}
searchOrder={searchOrder}
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion src/components/Layout/Sidebar/SidebarRouteTree.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {useRef, useLayoutEffect, Fragment} from 'react';
import cn from 'classnames';
import {useRouter} from 'next/router';
import {SidebarLink} from './SidebarLink';
import useCollapse from 'react-collapsed';
import {useCollapse} from 'react-collapsed';
import usePendingRoute from 'hooks/usePendingRoute';
import type {RouteItem} from 'components/Layout/getRouteMeta';

Expand Down
3 changes: 1 addition & 2 deletions src/components/Layout/Toc.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ export function Toc({headings}: {headings: Toc}) {
<ul className="space-y-2 pb-16">
{headings.length > 0 &&
headings.map((h, i) => {
if (h.url == null) {
// TODO: only log in DEV
if (!h.url && process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
console.error('Heading does not have URL');
}
return (
Expand Down
6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions src/components/MDX/Sandpack/Preview.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ export function Preview({
rawError = null;
}

// When throwing a new Error in Sandpack - we want to disable the dev error dialog
// to show the Error Boundary fallback
if (rawError && rawError.message.includes(`throw Error('Example error')`)) {
rawError = null;
}

// Memoized because it's fed to debouncing.
const firstLintError = useMemo(() => {
if (lintErrors.length === 0) {
Expand Down
24 changes: 12 additions & 12 deletions src/components/Seo.tsx
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {siteConfig} from '../siteConfig';

export interface SeoProps {
title: string;
titleForTitleTag: undefined | string;
description?: string;
image?: string;
// jsonld?: JsonLDType | Array<JsonLDType>;
Expand All @@ -21,19 +22,13 @@ const deployedTranslations = [
'en',
'zh-hans',
'es',
'fr',
'ja',
// We'll add more languages when they have enough content.
// Please DO NOT edit this list without a discussion in the reactjs/react.dev repo.
// It must be the same between all translations.
];

let shouldPreventIndexing = false;
if (
siteConfig.languageCode !== 'en' &&
!deployedTranslations.includes(siteConfig.languageCode)
) {
shouldPreventIndexing = true;
}

function getDomain(languageCode: string): string {
const subdomain = languageCode === 'en' ? '' : languageCode + '.';
return subdomain + 'react.dev';
Expand All @@ -42,7 +37,7 @@ function getDomain(languageCode: string): string {
export const Seo = withRouter(
({
title,
description = 'The library for web and native user interfaces',
titleForTitleTag,
image = '/images/og-default.png',
router,
children,
Expand All @@ -53,14 +48,20 @@ export const Seo = withRouter(
const canonicalUrl = `https://${siteDomain}${
router.asPath.split(/[\?\#]/)[0]
}`;
const pageTitle = isHomePage ? title : title + ' – React';
// Allow setting a different title for Google results
const pageTitle =
(titleForTitleTag ?? title) + (isHomePage ? '' : ' – React');
// Twitter's meta parser is not very good.
const twitterTitle = pageTitle.replace(/[<>]/g, '');
let description = isHomePage
? 'React is the library for web and native user interfaces. Build user interfaces out of individual pieces called components written in JavaScript. React is designed to let you seamlessly combine components written by independent people, teams, and organizations.'
: 'The library for web and native user interfaces';
return (
<Head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
{title != null && <title key="title">{pageTitle}</title>}
{description != null && (
{isHomePage && (
// Let Google figure out a good description for each page.
<meta name="description" key="description" content={description} />
)}
<link rel="canonical" href={canonicalUrl} />
Expand All @@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ export const Seo = withRouter(
href={canonicalUrl.replace(siteDomain, getDomain('en'))}
hrefLang="x-default"
/>
{shouldPreventIndexing && <meta name="robots" content="noindex" />}
{deployedTranslations.map((languageCode) => (
<link
key={'alt-' + languageCode}
Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ June 15, 2022 by [Andrew Clark](https://twitter.com/acdlite), [Dan Abramov](http

<Intro>

[React 18](https://reactjs.org/blog/2022/03/29/react-v18) was years in the making, and with it brought valuable lessons for the React team. Its release was the result of many years of research and exploring many paths. Some of those paths were successful; many more were dead-ends that led to new insights. One lesson we’ve learned is that it’s frustrating for the community to wait for new features without having insight into these paths that we’re exploring.
[React 18](https://react.dev/blog/2022/03/29/react-v18) was years in the making, and with it brought valuable lessons for the React team. Its release was the result of many years of research and exploring many paths. Some of those paths were successful; many more were dead-ends that led to new insights. One lesson we’ve learned is that it’s frustrating for the community to wait for new features without having insight into these paths that we’re exploring.

</Intro>

Expand Down
5 changes: 4 additions & 1 deletion src/content/community/acknowledgements.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ We'd like to recognize a few people who have made significant contributions to R
* [Christoph Nakazawa](https://github.com/cpojer)
* [Christopher Chedeau](https://github.com/vjeux)
* [Clement Hoang](https://github.com/clemmy)
* [Dave McCabe](https://github.com/davidmccabe)
* [Dominic Gannaway](https://github.com/trueadm)
* [Flarnie Marchan](https://github.com/flarnie)
* [Jason Quense](https://github.com/jquense)
Expand All @@ -33,8 +34,10 @@ We'd like to recognize a few people who have made significant contributions to R
* [Josh Duck](https://github.com/joshduck)
* [Joe Critchley](https://github.com/joecritch)
* [Jeff Morrison](https://github.com/jeffmo)
* [Luna Ruan](https://github.com/lunaruan)
* [Keyan Zhang](https://github.com/keyz)
* [Marco Salazar](https://github.com/salazarm)
* [Mengdi Chen](https://github.com/mondaychen)
* [Nat Alison](https://github.com/tesseralis)
* [Nathan Hunzaker](https://github.com/nhunzaker)
* [Nicolas Gallagher](https://github.com/necolas)
Expand All @@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ We'd like to recognize a few people who have made significant contributions to R
* [Robert Zhang](https://github.com/robertzhidealx)
* [Sander Spies](https://github.com/sanderspies)
* [Sasha Aickin](https://github.com/aickin)
* [Seth Webster](https://github.com/sethwebster)
* [Sean Keegan](https://github.com/seanryankeegan)
* [Sophia Shoemaker](https://github.com/mrscobbler)
* [Sunil Pai](https://github.com/threepointone)
* [Tim Yung](https://github.com/yungsters)
Expand Down
6 changes: 5 additions & 1 deletion src/content/community/conferences.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ October 27th 2023. In-person in Verona, Italy and online (hybrid event)

[Website](https://2023.reactjsday.it/) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/reactjsday) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/GrUSP/) - [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/grusp)


### React Summit US 2023 {/*react-summit-us-2023*/}
November 13 & 15, 2023. In-person in New York, US + remote first interactivity (hybrid event)

Expand All @@ -72,6 +71,11 @@ December 8 & 12, 2023. In-person in Berlin, Germany + remote first interactivity

[Website](https://reactday.berlin) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/reactdayberlin) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/reactdayberlin/) - [Videos](https://portal.gitnation.org/events/react-day-berlin-2023)

### App.js Conf 2024 {/*appjs-conf-2024*/}
May 22 - 24, 2024. In-person in Kraków, Poland + remote

[Website](https://appjs.co) - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/appjsconf)

### Render(ATL) 2024 🍑 {/*renderatl-2024-*/}
June 12 - June 14, 2024. Atlanta, GA, USA

Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions src/content/community/meetups.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ Do you have a local React.js meetup? Add it here! (Please keep the list alphabet
* [Montreal, QC - React Native](https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/React-Native-MTL/)
* [Vancouver, BC](https://www.meetup.com/ReactJS-Vancouver-Meetup/)
* [Ottawa, ON](https://www.meetup.com/Ottawa-ReactJS-Meetup/)
* [Saskatoon, SK](https://www.meetup.com/saskatoon-react-meetup/)
* [Toronto, ON](https://www.meetup.com/Toronto-React-Native/events/)

## Chile {/*chile*/}
Expand Down
16 changes: 0 additions & 16 deletions src/content/community/team.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -26,10 +26,6 @@ Current members of the React team are listed in alphabetical order below.
Dan got into programming after he accidentally discovered Visual Basic inside Microsoft PowerPoint. He has found his true calling in turning [Sebastian](#sebastian-markbåge)'s tweets into long-form blog posts. Dan occasionally wins at Fortnite by hiding in a bush until the game ends.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Dave McCabe" permalink="dave-mccabe" photo="/images/team/dave-mccabe.jpg" github="davidmccabe" twitter="mcc_abe" title="Engineer at Meta">
An engineer by trade and outdoorsman at heart, David has long been an innovator in the field of programming-while-sunbathing. Besides surprising his colleagues with unique outdoor video-call backgrounds, he enjoys playing guitar (in sunlit meadows, of course) and martial arts (still indoors, gotta work on that).
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Eli White" permalink="eli-white" photo="/images/team/eli-white.jpg" github="TheSavior" twitter="Eli_White" title="Engineering Manager at Meta">
Eli got into programming after he got suspended from middle school for hacking. He has been working on React and React Native since 2017. He enjoys eating treats, especially ice cream and apple pie. You can find Eli trying quirky activities like parkour, indoor skydiving, and aerial silks.
</TeamMember>
Expand All @@ -54,10 +50,6 @@ Current members of the React team are listed in alphabetical order below.
Lauren’s programming career peaked when she first discovered the `<marquee>` tag. She’s been chasing that high ever since. When she’s not adding bugs into React, she enjoys dropping cheeky memes in chat, and playing all too many video games with her partner, and her dog Zelda.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Luna Ruan" permalink="luna-ruan" photo="/images/team/lunaruan.jpg" github="lunaruan" twitter="lunaruan" title="Independent Engineer">
Luna learned programming because she thought it meant creating video games. Instead, she ended up working on the Pinterest web app, and now on React itself. Luna doesn't want to make video games anymore, but she plans to do creative writing if she ever gets bored.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Luna Wei" permalink="luna-wei" photo="/images/team/luna-wei.jpg" github="lunaleaps" twitter="lunaleaps" title="Engineer at Meta">
Luna first learnt the fundamentals of python at the age of 6 from her father. Since then, she has been unstoppable. Luna aspires to be a gen z, and the road to success is paved with environmental advocacy, urban gardening and lots of quality time with her Voo-Doo’d (as pictured).
</TeamMember>
Expand All @@ -66,10 +58,6 @@ Current members of the React team are listed in alphabetical order below.
Matt stumbled into coding, and since then, has become enamored with creating things in communities that can’t be created alone. Prior to React, he worked on YouTube, the Google Assistant, Fuchsia, and Google Cloud AI and Evernote. When he's not trying to make better developer tools he enjoys the mountains, jazz, and spending time with his family.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Mengdi Chen" permalink="mengdi-chen" photo="/images/team/mengdi-chen.jpg" github="mondaychen" twitter="mengdi_en" title="Engineer at Meta">
While working on his Digital Arts degree Mengdi was conceited about his front-end skills because his CSS worked perfectly even on IE6. But soon React opened a new door of programming for him, and he has been dreaming of joining the React team ever since. Outside of work, he is usually busy chasing his two kids around or collecting strange recipes.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Mofei Zhang" permalink="mofei-zhang" photo="/images/team/mofei-zhang.png" github="mofeiZ" title="Engineer at Meta">
Mofei started programming when she realized it can help her cheat in video games. She focused on operating systems in undergrad / grad school, but now finds herself happily tinkering on React. Outside of work, she enjoys debugging bouldering problems and planning her next backpacking trip(s).
</TeamMember>
Expand All @@ -86,10 +74,6 @@ Current members of the React team are listed in alphabetical order below.
Sathya hated the Dragon Book in school but somehow ended up working on compilers all his career. When he's not compiling React components, he's either drinking coffee or eating yet another Dosa.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Sean Keegan" permalink="sean-keegan" photo="/images/team/sean-keegan.jpg" github="seanryankeegan" twitter="DevRelSean" title="Developer Advocate at Meta">
After a first career as a math teacher, Sean remembered that one intro to comp sci class he had to take as a prereq and thought “that was kind of fun!”. One coding bootcamp and several tech jobs later, Sean discovered developer advocacy and hasn’t looked back. Outside of work, Sean enjoys ultimate frisbee, video games, and researching (but rarely implementing) better ways to care for his houseplants.
</TeamMember>

<TeamMember name="Sebastian Markbåge" permalink="sebastian-markbåge" photo="/images/team/sebmarkbage.jpg" github="sebmarkbage" twitter="sebmarkbage" title="Engineer at Vercel">
Sebastian majored in psychology. He's usually quiet. Even when he says something, it often doesn't make sense to the rest of us until a few months later. The correct way to pronounce his surname is "mark-boa-geh" but he settled for "mark-beige" out of pragmatism -- and that's how he approaches React.
</TeamMember>
Expand Down
32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions src/content/learn/describing-the-ui.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ React is a JavaScript library for rendering user interfaces (UI). UI is built fr
* [How to conditionally render components](/learn/conditional-rendering)
* [How to render multiple components at a time](/learn/rendering-lists)
* [How to avoid confusing bugs by keeping components pure](/learn/keeping-components-pure)
* [Why understanding your UI as trees is useful](/learn/understanding-your-ui-as-a-tree)

</YouWillLearn>

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</LearnMore>

## Your UI as a tree {/*your-ui-as-a-tree*/}

React uses trees to model the relationships between components and modules.

A React render tree is a representation of the parent and child relationship between components.

<Diagram name="generic_render_tree" height={250} width={500} alt="A tree graph with five nodes, with each node representing a component. The root node is located at the top the tree graph and is labelled 'Root Component'. It has two arrows extending down to two nodes labelled 'Component A' and 'Component C'. Each of the arrows is labelled with 'renders'. 'Component A' has a single 'renders' arrow to a node labelled 'Component B'. 'Component C' has a single 'renders' arrow to a node labelled 'Component D'.">

An example React render tree.

</Diagram>

Components near the top of the tree, near the root component, are considered top-level components. Components with no child components are leaf components. This categorization of components is useful for understanding data flow and rendering performance.

Modelling the relationship between JavaScript modules is another useful way to understand your app. We refer to it as a module dependency tree.

<Diagram name="generic_dependency_tree" height={250} width={500} alt="A tree graph with five nodes. Each node represents a JavaScript module. The top-most node is labelled 'RootModule.js'. It has three arrows extending to the nodes: 'ModuleA.js', 'ModuleB.js', and 'ModuleC.js'. Each arrow is labelled as 'imports'. 'ModuleC.js' node has a single 'imports' arrow that points to a node labelled 'ModuleD.js'.">

An example module dependency tree.

</Diagram>

A dependency tree is often used by build tools to bundle all the relevant JavaScript code for the client to download and render. A large bundle size regresses user experience for React apps. Understanding the module dependency tree is helpful to debug such issues.

<LearnMore path="/learn/understanding-your-ui-as-a-tree">

Read **[Your UI as a Tree](/learn/understanding-your-ui-as-a-tree)** to learn how to create a render and module dependency trees for a React app and how they're useful mental models for improving user experience and performance.

</LearnMore>


## What's next? {/*whats-next*/}

Head over to [Your First Component](/learn/your-first-component) to start reading this chapter page by page!
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</li>
<li>
<b>Discovered: </b>
polonium (element)
polonium (chemical element)
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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