Merge pull request #591 from realpython/python-variables-update

Sample code for the article on variables

python-variables/README.md

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+# Variables in Python: Usage and Best Practices
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [Variables in Python: Usage and Best Practices](https://realpython.com/python-variables/).

python-variables/colors.py

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+colors: dict[str, str] = {
+    "red": "#FF0000",
+    "green": "#00FF00",
+    "blue": "#0000FF",
+    "yellow": "#FFFF00",
+    "black": "#000000",
+    "white": "#FFFFFF",
+}
+
+
+# colors: dict[str, tuple[int, int, int]] = {
+#     "Red": (255, 0, 0),
+#     "Green": (0, 255, 0),
+#     "Blue": (0, 0, 255),
+#     "Yellow": (255, 255, 0),
+#     "Black": (0, 0, 0),
+#     "White": (255, 255, 255),
+# }

python-variables/employees.py

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+class Employee:
+    count = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, name, position, salary):
+        self.name = name
+        self.position = position
+        self.salary = salary
+        type(self).count += 1
+
+    def display_profile(self):
+        print(f"Name: {self.name}")
+        print(f"Position: {self.position}")
+        print(f"Salary: ${self.salary}")
+
+
+jane = Employee("Jane Doe", "Software Engineer", 90000)
+jane.display_profile()
+
+john = Employee("John Doe", "Product Manager", 120000)
+john.display_profile()
+
+print(f"Total employees: {Employee.count}")

python-variables/greeting.py

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+def greet(name, verbose=False):
+    if verbose:
+        print(f"Hello, {name}! It's great to see you!")
+    else:
+        print(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+
+greet("Pythonista")
+greet("Pythonista", verbose=True)

python-variables/matrix.py

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+matrix = [
+    [9, 3, 8],
+    [4, 5, 2],
+    [6, 4, 3],
+]
+
+for i in matrix:
+    for j in i:
+        print(j)

python-variables/scopes.py

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+def function():
+    value = 42
+    return value
+
+
+# Global scope
+global_variable = "global"
+
+
+def outer_func():
+    # Nonlocal scope
+    nonlocal_variable = "nonlocal"
+
+    def inner_func():
+        # Local scope
+        local_variable = "local"
+        print(f"Hi from the '{local_variable}' scope!")
+        print(f"Hi from the '{global_variable}' scope!")
+        print(f"Hi from the '{nonlocal_variable}' scope!")
+
+    inner_func()
+
+
+outer_func()

python-variables/timeout.py

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+_timeout = 30  # in seconds
+
+
+def get_timeout():
+    return _timeout
+
+
+def set_timeout(seconds):
+    global _timeout
+    _timeout = seconds

python-variables/toggle.py

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+toggle = True
+
+for _ in range(4):
+    if toggle:
+        print(f"✅ toggle is {toggle}")
+        print("Do something...")
+    else:
+        print(f"❌ toggle is {toggle}")
+        print("Do something else...")
+    toggle = not toggle