Ubuntu Mini is lean and mean Ubuntu for ARM based Mini PCs. I started off like a lot of others by using PicUntu, but I wanted granular control of what packages were installed. You can use the pre-built kernels, build your own or get a kernel elsewhere. This will give you a lot more flexibility for creating customized distributions.
You will need to identify your hardware since even the same brand names may have different chipsets. To be safe ask the vendor before buying if possible (a lot of newer RK3188 devices really have RK3188T CPUs which have problems with various kernels available). I've personally only tested the MK808, MK-802IV with 8188eu/AP6210 and ODROID C1/C1+. In theory, this should work on any ARM device that can boot a Linux kernel and mount the root file system.
You assume all the risks that come with flashing an Android device. It's very painless and hard to screw up, but if you do brick your Mini PC you are on your own!
- Requirements
- Compatibility matrix for selected RK3066 based devices
- Compatibility matrix for selected RK3188 based devices
- Supported Network Devices
- Create Ubuntu root filesystem MK808, MK802IV, etc.
- Flash kernel
- Create Ubuntu root filesystem ODROID-C1/C1+
- After you can boot successfully
- Build kernel for Linux
- Build RK3188 kernels with Marvin
- Build kernel for Android
- References
- FreeBSD License
- Ubuntu 14.04 desktop (X86_64 required for ODROID C1/C1+ scripts)
- Add 8 GB hard disk under Storage using Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager in place of an 8 GB SD card
- A Mini PC with a Rockchip RK3066 dual core ARM A9 processor. The following are officially supported:
- Ugoos UG802
- MK808 (w/o bluetooth)
- Rikomagic MK802 III (w/o bluetooth)
- A Mini PC with a Rockchip RK3188 quad core ARM A9 processor. The following are officially supported:
- Rikomagic MK802-IV
- OEM CX919
- Tronsmart MK908
- iMito QX1
- Tronsmart T428
- ODROID C1/C1+ with a quad core ARM Cortex-A5 processor.
- A monitor or TV with an available HDMI input (I used a Motorola Lapdock).
- An OTG USB cable appropriate for your device.
- A MicroSD of at least 4GB in size to hold the linuxroot filesystem.
- An Internet connection.
| Device Name | Manufacturer | Released | NAND flash | Wifi Chipset | Bluetooth Chipset | Special notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UG802 | Ugoos | May, 2012 | 4 GB | Realtek 8188eus | none | Officially supported |
| MK808 | OEM | Sep, 2012 | 4-8 GB | Broadcom 4329 | none | Officially supported |
| MK802 III | RikoMagic | Oct, 2012 | 4-8 GB | Realtek 8188eus | none | Officially supported |
| Neo G4 | Minix | Nov, 2012 | 8 GB | Realtek 8188eus | none | Not officially supported, but wifi chipset is supported |
| MK808-B | OEM | Dec, 2012 | 8 GB | Broadcom 4330 | Broadcom 4330 | |
| MK808-B “clone” | OEM | Dec, 2012 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| MK808-B “Sunvel” | OEM | Jan, 2013 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| MK802 IIIB | RikoMagic | Jan, 2013 | 4-8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| UG007 | Ugoos | Oct, 2012 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| MX1/MX2 | Imito | Oct, 2012 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| Neo X5 | Minix | Nov, 2012 | 16 GB | Broadcom 4330 | Broadcom 4330 | |
| MK809 II | Kimdescent | Dec, 2012 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | |
| B12 | Kimdescent | Jan, 2013 | 8 GB | Mediatek MT5931 | Mediatek MT6622 | Onboard cam |
This is based on Alok Sihna's 3.0.8 kernel
| Device Name | Manufacturer | Released | NAND flash | Wifi Chipset | Bluetooth Chipset | Special notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MK802IV | RikoMagic | May, 2013 | 8 GB | Realtek 8188eus or Broadcom AP6210 | Mediatek MT6622 | Officially supported |
| CX919 | OEM | Feb, 2013 | 8 GB | Broadcom AP6330 | Broadcom 4330 | Officially supported |
| MK908 | Tronsmart | May, 2013 | 8 GB | Broadcom AP6210 | Broadcom 4330 | Officially supported |
| QX1 | iMito | May, 2013 | 8 GB | Realtek 8189ES | RDA5876A | Officially supported |
| T428 | Tronsmart | May, 2013 | 8 GB | Broadcom AP6330 | Broadcom 4330 | Officially supported |
This is based on Marvin the Paranoid Android Kernel Builder
Note: You will need to look up the adapter you intend to use and see which chipset it is using. Then look at the list below to see if the chipset is included.
- Asix
- DM9601
- MCS7830
- SMSC75xx
- SMSC95xx
- ZD1201
- Atheros 9000 series adapters
- Broadcom 40181 adapters
- RALink
- 2500 series
- RT73
- 2800 series
- Realtek
- 8188eu
- 8192 series (B/G/N up to 300 MB/sec)
- Zydas 1211
This is based on Alok Sihna's 3.0.8 kernel
- Install packages
sudo su -apt-get -y install qemu-user-static binfmt-support debootstrap
- Format 8 GB disk added to VM guest
sfdisk -s(note 8 GB device is /dev/sdb)
/dev/sda: 104857600 /dev/sdb: 8388608 total: 113246208 blocksfdisk /dev/sdb
n p Enter Enter Emter wmkfs.ext4 -O ^metadata_csum -L linuxroot /dev/sdb1
- Mount partition
mkdir /mnt/tmpmount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/tmprm -rf /mnt/tmp/lost+found
- Install Ubuntu
- 14.04
qemu-debootstrap --verbose --variant=minbase --arch=armhf --include=nano trusty /mnt/tmp http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports > install.log 2>&1
tail install.log- Check install.log for I: Base system installed successfully.
- 14.04
- Make backup of minbase
tar -pzcf minbase.tar.gz -C /mnt/tmp .
- chroot into new rootfs
mount -t proc proc /mnt/tmp/procmount -t sysfs sysfs /mnt/tmp/sysmount -o bind /dev /mnt/tmp/devmount -t devpts devpts /mnt/tmp/dev/ptschroot /mnt/tmp
- Add apt-sources
nano /etc/apt/sources.list- 14.04
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverseapt-get update
- Configure language
apt-get -y install language-pack-en-base- Pick your native language pack instead of en if desired
- Configure timezone
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata- Select the geographic area in which you live
- Select the city or region corresponding to your time zone
- Add useful packages
- 14.04
apt-get -y install sudo isc-dhcp-client udev netbase ifupdown iproute openssh-server iputils-ping wget net-tools wireless-tools wpasupplicant ntpdate ntp less tzdata console-common module-init-tools- Country of origin for the keyboard
- Keyboard layout
- Select keymap from full list
apt-get -y upgrade
- 14.04
- Configure networking
- MK808
echo "bcm40181" >> /etc/modules
- MK802IV with AP6210 wifi
echo "rkwifi" >> /etc/modules
- Change module based on chipset for other mini PCs
echo "ubuntu" > /etc/hostnamenano /etc/network/interfaces(note device may show up as wlan0)- For DHCP
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp- For static
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.69 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 wpa-ssid ssid wpa-psk passwordnano /etc/hosts- Add your host
nano /etc/resolv.conf- Change to your DNS server(s)
- MK808
- Add user
adduser testgpasswd -a test sudo
- Create linuxroot archive
exitumount /mnt/tmp/{proc,sys,dev/pts,dev,}(This may fail, just reboot)rm -rf /mnt/tmpmkdir /media/linuxrootmount /dev/sdb1 /media/linuxroottar -pzcf linuxroot.tar.gz -C /media/linuxroot .umount /media/linuxrootrm -rf /media/linuxrootexit
- Prepare SD
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F -O ^metadata_csum -L linuxroot /dev/sdg(assumes SD device is /dev/sdg, always check first)sudo tar -pzxf linuxroot.tar.gz -C /media/linuxroot
- Pick kernel (or build/download one)
- RK3066
- RK3188
- Extract kernel archive
sudo tar -zxf kernel.tar.gz
- Extract modules and firmware (assumes SD mounted as /media/linuxroot)
sudo rm -Rf /media/linuxroot/lib/firmwaresudo rm -Rf /media/linuxroot/lib/modulessudo tar -pzxf mod-fw.tar.gz -C /sudo chown root:root -R /media/linuxroot/lib/firmwaresudo chown root:root -R /media/linuxroot/lib/modules- If archive contains firmware in /system
sudo chown root:root -R /media/linuxroot/system
sync- Eject SD card from PC
- Flash (assumes you have Finless or other ROM already installed)
- Extract kernels
tar -zxvf kernel.tar.gz
- Install RkFlashKit
git clone https://github.com/linuxerwang/rkflashkit.gitcd rkflashkit./waf debiansudo apt-get install python-gtk2sudo dpkg -i binaries/rkflashkit_0.1.1_all.deb
- Put mini PC into flash mode (typically use a paper clip press flash mode button and hold while plugging OTG port in to PC USB port)
sudo rkflashkit- NAND Partitions - recovery
- Erase partition
- Choose recovery.img file
- Flash image
- Extract kernels
- Boot
- Place SD in mini PC
- Boot into bootloader (assumes Finless or other ROM capable of bootloader and recovery boots)
- You can also use terminal in Android and
reboot recovery
- You can also use terminal in Android and
- Log into Ubuntu
sudo depmod -asudo reboot
- Boot into Linux by default
- For the MK808 and Finless ROM just boot into recovery and from that point forward only Linux will boot
- For MK802-IV or to dual boot the MK808 create a init.d script for Android (ROM must support init.d scripts)
- Boot into Android
- Mount /system read/write
- Click on Terminal
sumount -o rw,remount /system
- Find SD card
ls /dev/block- You should see something like
mmcblk0
- Create init.d file (replace
/dev/block/mmcblk0with actual block device)cd /etc/init.dtouch 99boot_linuxecho "#!/system/bin/sh" >> 99boot_linuxecho "if [ -b /dev/block/mmcblk0 ]; then" >> 99boot_linuxecho "reboot recovery" >> 99boot_linuxecho "fi" >> 99boot_linuxcat 99boot_linuxchmod 777 99boot_linuxreboot- If SD card is in then Linux boots or else Android boots
I automated much of Ubuntu Minimal Image by using three scripts. My scripts also configure language, timezone and wireless support (disabled by default). Tested on 01/19/2016.
- Download scripts on Ubuntu Desktop 14.04 x86_64 (VM is fine)
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sgjava/ubuntu-mini/master/odroid-c1/image.shwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sgjava/ubuntu-mini/master/odroid-c1/minimal.shwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sgjava/ubuntu-mini/master/odroid-c1/finish.shchmod a+x *.sh
- Create image file
export ubuntu=`pwd`sudo ./image.sh
- Install minimal Ubuntu (this script requires user interaction)
- Once image.sh has completed you should see two Files windows open (boot and target)
- Copy minimal.sh to chroot /root from a new terminal window
- Pick different language (default is English)
- Find
apt-get -y install language-pack-en-basein minimal.sh and change to desired language pack
- Find
sudo cp minimal.sh /home/<username>/ubuntu/target/root/.
- Pick different language (default is English)
- chroot
cd ubuntusudo chroot targetcd /rootchmod a+x minimal.sh./minimal.sh- Geographic area: Select from list
- Time zone: Select from list
- Country of origin for the keyboard: Select from list
- Keyboard layout: Select from list
- Configuring console-data: <OK>
- Policy for handling keymaps: Select keymap from full list: <OK>
- Keymap: Select keymay then <OK>
- root user: Enter new UNIX password:
- root user: Retype new UNIX password:
- test user: Enter new UNIX password:
- test user: Retype new UNIX password:
- Full Name []: Test User
- Room Number []: Press Enter
- Work Phone []: Press Enter
- Home Phone []: Press Enter
- Other []: Press Enter
- Is the information correct? [Y/n] Press Enter
exit
- Finish up
- Unmount image file
cd ..sudo ./finish.sh- If there's a
device is busyerror try the following:sudo reboot
- Flash image (change sdX to SD card device)
- Make sure all partitions have been deleted on SD card (use gparted)
sudo fdisk -lFind your SD cardsudo dd if=image.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M- Eject SD
- boot.ini changes
- Place SD in PC
- Edit boot.ini from boot mount
- I changed the screen resolution to work with my Lapdock
- For headless server setenv vpu "0" and setenv hdmioutput "0" to save about 140MB RAM. Do this after you can boot successfully and no longer need the display to debug.
nano /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0- Configure wlan0 if needed
auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static address 192.168.1.69 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 wpa-ssid ssid wpa-psk passwordnano /etc/hosts- Add your host
nano /etc/resolv.conf- Change to your DNS server(s)
- Unmount image file
- If you see
Skipping mounting / since Plymouth is not availableon RK3066 or RK3188 and your file system is read only, do this one time:sudo mount -o remount,rw /sudo reboot
- RK3066 device CPU temperature in celsius
cat /sys/module/tsadc/parameters/temp* | cut -d " " -f1,2
- ODROID C1/C1+ device CPU temperature in celsius (I had to devide by 1000)
cat /sys/devices/virtual/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp
- ODROID C1/C1+ device CPU frequency
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
- Install cpufreq
sudo apt-get install cpufrequtilscpufreq-info -ocurrent settingscpufreq-info -slist of speeds you can setsudo cpufreq-info -wcurrent speedsudo cpufreq-set -r --max 1.2GHzmaximum frequencysudo cpufreq-set -r --min 1.2GHzminimum frequency
- ODROID C1/C1+ set CPU frequency on boot
- Disable ondemand governor
sudo update-rc.d ondemand disable sudo nano /etc/default/cpufrequtilssettings on start up (this is for ODROID C1 for example)- Add
ENABLE="true" - Add
GOVERNOR="conservative" - Add
MAX_SPEED=1632000 - Add
MIN_SPEED=96000
- Add
- Disable ondemand governor
- If fsck hangs boot process make it automatic
sudo nano /etc/default/rcS- Uncomment FSCKFIX and set to yes
- Boot fast
sudo nano /etc/init/failsafe.conf- Comment out all
sleepcommands
- Comment out all
I had issues with the MK808 and internal wireless network building my own kernels. From various forum postings it looks like others have had success, so all I can say is good luck.
- Ubuntu 14.04 desktop (I used a VirtualBox VM)
- Ubuntu x86_64
sudo apt-get -y install git-core flex bison build-essential gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 sharutils lzop
- Ubuntu 32 bit
sudo apt-get -y install git-core flex bison build-essential gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev sharutils lzop
- Create build dir
mkdir -p $HOME/src/rk3066/mod_fwcd $HOME/src/rk3066
- ARM compiler toolchain
git clone https://github.com/DooMLoRD/android_prebuilt_toolchains.git toolchains
- mkbootimg tool (create recovery image)
git clone https://github.com/olegk0/tools.git
- initramfs dir is where the kernel's .config file looks for initramfs.cpio (see CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE)
git clone https://github.com/Galland/rk30_linux_initramfs.git initramfscd initramfsgzip -dc debian-3.0.8+fkubi.cpio.gz > initramfs.cpiocd ..
- picuntu-3.0.8-alok kernel source
git clone https://github.com/aloksinha2001/picuntu-3.0.8-alok.gitcd picuntu-3.0.8-aloknano ../initramfs/config- Find
CONFIG_BOX_FBand comment outCONFIG_BOX_FB_720P=yuncomment# CONFIG_BOX_FB_480P is not setand change toCONFIG_BOX_FB_480P=yfor instance - Make any other desired changes
- Save changes
- Use
make menuconfigif you want to go the more hard core route
- Find
cp ../initramfs/config .configexport ARCH=armexport CROSS_COMPILE=$HOME/src/rk3066/toolchains/arm-eabi-linaro-4.6.2/bin/arm-eabi-make -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)- Answer prompts (just press Enter for default value)
- Don't worry about warnings
- Generate the recovery.img to flash the recovery partition of the mini PC
cd ..tools/mkbootimg --kernel picuntu-3.0.8-alok/arch/arm/boot/Image --ramdisk initramfs/fakeramdisk.gz --base 60400000 --pagesize 16384 --ramdiskaddr 62000000 -o recovery.img
- Create modules
cd picuntu-3.0.8-alokmake modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$HOME/src/rk3066/mod_fw
- Get the firmware files
cd ..wget http://cdn02.arctablet.com/mirrors/picuntu/picuntu-linuxroot-0.9-RC2.2.tgztar -zxvf picuntu-linuxroot-0.9-RC2.2.tgz -C mod_fw ./lib/firmware
- Create build dir
mkdir -p $HOME/src/rk3066/mod_fwcd $HOME/src/rk3066
- mkbootimg tool (create recovery image)
git clone https://github.com/olegk0/tools.git
- initramfs dir is where the kernel's .config file looks for initramfs.cpio (see CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE)
git clone https://github.com/Galland/rk30_linux_initramfs.git initramfscd initramfsgzip -dc debian-3.0.8+fkubi.cpio.gz > initramfs.cpiocd ..
- rk3x_kernel_3.0.36 kernel source
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Galland/rk3x_kernel_3.0.36.gitcd rk3x_kernel_3.0.36nano config.galland- Find
CONFIG_BOX_FBand comment outCONFIG_BOX_FB_720P=yuncomment# CONFIG_BOX_FB_480P is not setand change toCONFIG_BOX_FB_480P=yfor instance - Make any other desired changes
- Save changes
- Use
make menuconfigif you want to go the more hard core route
- Find
- Create compile script
nano build_rk3066
#!/bin/bash export ARCH=arm export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- export LOCALVERSION= export INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$HOME/src/rk3066/mod\_fw MAKE="make -j$(getconf \_NPROCESSORS\_ONLN)" $MAKE clean cp config.galland .config $MAKE rm -rf $INSTALL_MOD_PATH $MAKE modules_install chmod +x build_rk3066./build_rk3066- Answer prompts (just press Enter for default value)
- Don't worry about warnings
- Generate the recovery.img to flash the recovery partition of the mini PC
cd ..tools/mkbootimg --kernel rk3x_kernel_3.0.36/arch/arm/boot/Image --ramdisk initramfs/fakeramdisk.gz --base 60400000 --pagesize 16384 --ramdiskaddr 62000000 -o recovery.img
- Get Marvin
mkdir androidcd androidgit clone https://github.com/phjanderson/marvin.git
- Get RK3188 kernel source tree (pick one)
- Generic (this has limited driver support)
git clone https://github.com/phjanderson/Kernel-3188.git
- Minix Neo X7
git clone https://github.com/phjanderson/Kernel-3188-X7.git
- PicUntu
git clone https://github.com/phjanderson/Linux3188.git(this is what I'll select)- For 480P do the following:
- Get latest kernel source from Alok's site instead of from Marvin project
- Change the following in Linux3188/drivers/video/rockchip/hdmi/rk_hdmi.h:
HDMI_VIDEO_DEFAULT_MODEtoHDMI_720x480p_60HZ_4_3instead ofHDMI_1920x1080p_60HZ- Add the following to the end of Linux3188/drivers/video/display/screen/lcd_480p.c (it is missing):
size_t get_fb_size(void) { size_t size = 0; #if defined(CONFIG_THREE_FB_BUFFER) size = ((H_VD)*(V_VD)<<2)* 3; //three buffer #else size = ((H_VD)*(V_VD)<<2)<<1; //two buffer #endif return ALIGN(size,SZ_1M); }
- Fix dwc_otg: support non DWORD-aligned buffer for DMA:
- Extract otg-fix.tar.gz
- Copy files to Linux3188/drivers/usb/dwc_otg
- Linuxium
git clone https://github.com/phjanderson/3188-SRC-AP6210.git
- Generic (this has limited driver support)
- Get initramfs
git clone https://github.com/Galland/rk30_linux_initramfs.git initramfs
- mkbootimg tool (create recovery image)
git clone https://github.com/olegk0/tools.git
- To build kernels, you'll need to have some software installed for cross compiling (only do this once)
cd marvin./marvin install_builddep
- Select platform
./marvin platform(to see platforms)./marvin platform picuntu3188(I'm going to build with PicUntu kernel)
- Configure kernel
./marvin config(to see options)./marvin config mk802iv_rtl8188eu cpu1608h 720p
- Build kernel and modules
./marvin build_modules
- Generate the recovery.img to flash the recovery partition of the mini PC
cd ..tools/mkbootimg --kernel marvin/platform/picuntu3188/output/kernel_marvin_mk802iv_rtl8188eu/kernel_marvin_mk802iv_rtl8188eu_cpu1608h_720p.img --ramdisk initramfs/fakeramdisk.gz --base 60400000 --pagesize 16384 --ramdiskaddr 62000000 -o recovery.img
- Tested with Finless ROM 1.7c
- Create build dir
mkdir -p $HOME/src/rk3066/mod_fwcd $HOME/src/rk3066
- rockchip-rk30xx-mk808 kernel source
git clone https://github.com/omegamoon/rockchip-rk30xx-mk808.gitcd rockchip-rk30xx-mk808./build_mk808_omegamoon_hdmi_720p(or other build script)
- Flash kernel (This only works on Ubuntu 32 bit)
- Put mini PC into flash mode (typically use a paper clip press flash mode button and hold while plugging OTG port in to PC USB port)
./flash_mk808_omegamoon
- Installing Linux on a RK3066 based device
- Ubuntu Without CD
- Your own official Linux distro in a SD card (for ARM)
- ODROID C1/C1+ Ubuntu Minimal Image
Copyright (c) Steven P. Goldsmith
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