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Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that splits a list or array into smaller sublists, sorts those sublists, and then merges them in sorted order. It operates recursively and ensures a time complexity of 𝑂(𝑛log𝑛), which is efficient for large datasets. Let's break down the steps of merge sort:
Steps of Merge Sort:
Divide: The array is divided into two halves. This step is repeated for each sublist until each sublist contains only one element, as a single element is considered sorted.
Conquer (Sort): The sublists are then sorted recursively.
Combine (Merge): The sorted sublists are merged to produce a sorted array.