ci/lint: convert lints to pre-commit & Ruff

[Borda]

simplify the linting with easier-to-read pre-commit, which can also be installed as a bot (which may commit linting fixes to open PRs)
With his pre-commit, we also explicitly set used versions, so there are sudden issues due to the recently released new linter version
Moreover, wrapping several linters and formatted to Ruff rule, which is a much faster tool:

• flake8 -> rule 'E', 'F', 'W'
• isort -> rule 'I'
• pyupgrade -> rule 'UP'
• bandit -> rule 'S'
• bugbear -> rule 'B'
• comprehensions -> rule 'C4'

cc: @tartley @hugovk

[Borda]

@tartley @hugovk

mind have a look, when you have time 🦩

[hugovk]

I don't have merge permissions here, and the pre-commit CI failed.