gRPC Web ·

A JavaScript implementation of gRPC for browser clients. For more information, including a quick start, see the gRPC-web documentation.

gRPC-web clients connect to gRPC services via a special proxy; by default, gRPC-web uses Envoy.

In the future, we expect gRPC-web to be supported in language-specific web frameworks for languages such as Python, Java, and Node. For details, see the roadmap.

Streaming Support

gRPC-web currently supports 2 RPC modes:

• Unary RPCs (example)
• Server-side Streaming RPCs (example)

Client-side and Bi-directional streaming is not currently supported (see streaming roadmap).

Quick Start

Eager to get started? Try the Hello World example. From this example, you'll learn how to do the following:

• Define your service using protocol buffers
• Implement a simple gRPC Service using NodeJS
• Configure the Envoy proxy
• Generate protobuf message classes and client service stub for the client
• Compile all the JS dependencies into a static library that can be consumed by the browser easily

Advanced Demo: Browser Echo App

You can also try to run a more advanced Echo app from the browser with a streaming example.

From the repo root directory:

$ docker-compose pull prereqs node-server envoy commonjs-client
$ docker-compose up node-server envoy commonjs-client

Open a browser tab, and visit http://localhost:8081/echotest.html.

To shutdown: docker-compose down.

Runtime Library

The gRPC-web runtime library is available at npm:

$ npm i grpc-web

Code Generator Plugin

You can download the protoc-gen-grpc-web protoc plugin from our release page:

If you don't already have protoc installed, you will have to download it first from here.

NOTE: Javascript output is no longer supported by protocolbuffers/protobuf package as it previously did. Please use the releases from protocolbuffers/protobuf-javascript instead.

Make sure they are both executable and are discoverable from your PATH.

For example, in MacOS, you can do:

$ sudo mv ~/Downloads/protoc-gen-grpc-web-1.3.1-darwin-x86_64 \
    /usr/local/bin/protoc-gen-grpc-web
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/protoc-gen-grpc-web

Client Configuration Options

Typically, you will run the following command to generate the proto messages and the service client stub from your .proto definitions:

$ protoc -I=$DIR echo.proto \
    --js_out=import_style=commonjs:$OUT_DIR \
    --grpc-web_out=import_style=commonjs,mode=grpcwebtext:$OUT_DIR

You can then use Browserify, Webpack, Closure Compiler, etc. to resolve imports at compile time.

Import Style

import_style=closure: The default generated code has Closure goog.require() import style.

import_style=commonjs: The CommonJS style require() is also supported.

import_style=commonjs+dts: (Experimental) In addition to above, a .d.ts typings file will also be generated for the protobuf messages and service stub.

import_style=typescript: (Experimental) The service stub will be generated in TypeScript. See TypeScript Support below for information on how to generate TypeScript files.

Note: The commonjs+dts and typescript styles are only supported by --grpc-web_out=import_style=..., not by --js_out=import_style=....

Wire Format Mode

For more information about the gRPC-web wire format, see the specification.

mode=grpcwebtext: The default generated code sends the payload in the grpc-web-text format.

• Content-type: application/grpc-web-text
• Payload are base64-encoded.
• Both unary and server streaming calls are supported.

mode=grpcweb: A binary protobuf format is also supported.

• Content-type: application/grpc-web+proto
• Payload are in the binary protobuf format.
• Only unary calls are supported for now.

How It Works

Let's take a look at how gRPC-web works with a simple example. You can find out how to build, run and explore the example yourself in Build and Run the Echo Example.

1. Define your service

The first step when creating any gRPC service is to define it. Like all gRPC services, gRPC-web uses protocol buffers to define its RPC service methods and their message request and response types.

message EchoRequest {
  string message = 1;
}

...

service EchoService {
  rpc Echo(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);

  rpc ServerStreamingEcho(ServerStreamingEchoRequest)
      returns (stream ServerStreamingEchoResponse);
}

2. Run the server and proxy

Next you need to have a gRPC server that implements the service interface and a gateway proxy that allows the client to connect to the server. Our example builds a simple Node gRPC backend server and the Envoy proxy.

For the Echo service: see the service implementations.

For the Envoy proxy: see the config yaml file.

3. Write your JS client

Once the server and gateway are up and running, you can start making gRPC calls from the browser!

Create your client:

var echoService = new proto.mypackage.EchoServiceClient(
  'http://localhost:8080');

Make a unary RPC call:

var request = new proto.mypackage.EchoRequest();
request.setMessage(msg);
var metadata = {'custom-header-1': 'value1'};
echoService.echo(request, metadata, function(err, response) {
  if (err) {
    console.log(err.code);
    console.log(err.message);
  } else {
    console.log(response.getMessage());
  }
});

Server-side streaming:

var stream = echoService.serverStreamingEcho(streamRequest, metadata);
stream.on('data', function(response) {
  console.log(response.getMessage());
});
stream.on('status', function(status) {
  console.log(status.code);
  console.log(status.details);
  console.log(status.metadata);
});
stream.on('end', function(end) {
  // stream end signal
});

// to close the stream
stream.cancel()

For an in-depth tutorial, see this page.

Setting Deadline

You can set a deadline for your RPC by setting a deadline header. The value should be a Unix timestamp, in milliseconds.

var deadline = new Date();
deadline.setSeconds(deadline.getSeconds() + 1);

client.sayHelloAfterDelay(request, {deadline: deadline.getTime().toString()},
  (err, response) => {
    // err will be populated if the RPC exceeds the deadline
    ...
  });

TypeScript Support

The grpc-web module can now be imported as a TypeScript module. This is currently an experimental feature. Any feedback welcome!

When using the protoc-gen-grpc-web protoc plugin, mentioned above, pass in either:

• import_style=commonjs+dts: existing CommonJS style stub + .d.ts typings
• import_style=typescript: full TypeScript output

Do not use import_style=typescript for --js_out, it will silently be ignored. Instead you should use --js_out=import_style=commonjs, or --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary if you are using mode=grpcweb. The --js_out plugin will generate JavaScript code (echo_pb.js), and the -grpc-web_out plugin will generate a TypeScript definition file for it (echo_pb.d.ts). This is a temporary hack until the --js_out supports TypeScript itself.

For example, this is the command you should use to generate TypeScript code using the binary wire format

$ protoc -I=$DIR echo.proto \
  --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:$OUT_DIR \
  --grpc-web_out=import_style=typescript,mode=grpcweb:$OUT_DIR

It will generate the following files:

• echo_grpc_web_pb.ts - Generated by --grpc-web_out, contains the TypeScript gRPC-web code.
• echo_pb.js - Generated by --js_out, contains the JavaScript Protobuf code.
• echo_pb.d.ts - Generated by --grpc-web_out, contains TypeScript definitions for echo_pb.js.

import * as grpcWeb from 'grpc-web';
import {EchoServiceClient} from './echo_grpc_web_pb';
import {EchoRequest, EchoResponse} from './echo_pb';

const echoService = new EchoServiceClient('http://localhost:8080', null, null);

const request = new EchoRequest();
request.setMessage('Hello World!');

const call = echoService.echo(request, {'custom-header-1': 'value1'},
  (err: grpcWeb.RpcError, response: EchoResponse) => {
    console.log(response.getMessage());
  });
call.on('status', (status: grpcWeb.Status) => {
  // ...
});

For the full TypeScript example, see ts-example/client.ts.

Ecosystem

Proxy Interoperability

Multiple proxies support the gRPC-web protocol.

1. The current default proxy is Envoy, which supports gRPC-web out of the box.

   $ docker-compose up -d node-server envoy commonjs-client

2. You can also try the gRPC-web Go proxy.

   $ docker-compose up -d node-server grpcwebproxy binary-client

3. Apache APISIX has also added grpc-web support, and more details can be found here.

Web Frameworks with gRPC-Web support

• Armeria (JVM)
• Tonic (Rust)