-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 6
Commit
This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository.
- Loading branch information
Showing
7 changed files
with
108 additions
and
111 deletions.
There are no files selected for viewing
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
---|---|---|
@@ -1,78 +1,79 @@ | ||
--- | ||
title: 'Cíko chıetoaı' | ||
title: 'Chíetoaı kọcı' | ||
delta: true | ||
--- | ||
# **Cíko chıetoaı** -- Lesson 6 | ||
# **Chíetoaı kọcı** -- Lesson 6 | ||
|
||
<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio> | ||
|
||
{: .sentences} | ||
| **Joaı déo kúne da.** [①](#fn-1) | The child is looking for the dog. | | ||
| **Hu máma, kúne bı, tı hó hı raı moq?** [②](#fn-2)[③](#fn-3) | Mother, the dog, where is it? | | ||
| **Kúne bı, nıe hó kúa da.** | The dog, it's in the room.| | ||
| **Hı kua?** [④](#fn-4) | Which room? | | ||
| **Kúne bï, tı hó hí raı móq, hóı máma?** [②](#fn-2)[③](#fn-3) | The dog, where is it, mother? | | ||
| **Kúne bï, nıe hó kúa da.** | The dog, it's in the room.| | ||
| **Hí kua?** [④](#fn-4) | Which room? | | ||
| **Núokua.** [⑤](#fn-5) | The bedroom.| | ||
| **Nıe bũ hó núokua da.** [⑥](#fn-6) | It's not in the bedroom. | | ||
| **Nuı hó da… Ma tıa hó sófa moq?** | It's small... Is it behind the sofa?| | ||
| **Tıa bũ hó sófa da.** | It's not behind the sofa. | | ||
| **Fa súq tu kua ba.** [⑦](#fn-7) | Go to every room. | | ||
| **Hu máma, kíao bı rıa máq da!** | Mother, the door, it's open! | | ||
| **Oaı! Ma buı kúne moq? Joaı múy ba.** [⑧](#fn-8) | Uh-oh! Is the dog outside? Let us go looking. | | ||
| **Bu nıe hó núokua da.** [⑥](#fn-6) | It's not in the bedroom. | | ||
| **Nuı hó da… Ma tıa hó sófa móq?** | It's small... Is it behind the sofa?| | ||
| **Bu tıa hó sófa da.** | It's not behind the sofa. | | ||
| **Fa súq tú kua ba.** [⑦](#fn-7) | Go to every room. | | ||
| **Kíao bï rıa máq da, hóı máma!** | The door, it's open, mother! | | ||
| **Oaı! Ma buı kúne móq? Joaı úmo ba.** [⑧](#fn-8) | Uh-oh! Is the dog outside? Let us go looking. | | ||
|
||
## Notes | ||
|
||
1. <a name="fn-1" /> **kune** "dog" is a root word with more than one syllable. We met another such root in Lesson 4. An interesting point worth appreciating here again is that the words for "dog" and "apple" are verbs in Toaq. **kune** means "to be a dog", **shamu** "to be an apple". The noun meanings are derived from these verbs, either via a rising tone ![](../tones/t2.png) (**kúne** "the dog(s)", **shamu** "the apple(s)") or via **sa** (**sa kune** "some dog(s)", **sa shamu** "some apple(s)") or **tu** (**tu kune** "every dog", **tu shamu** "every apple"). | ||
1. <a name="fn-1" /> **kune** "dog" is a root word with more than one syllable. We met another such root in Lesson 4. An interesting point worth appreciating here again is that the words for "dog" and "apple" are verbs in Toaq. **kune** means "to be a dog", **shamu** "to be an apple". The noun meanings are derived from these verbs, either via a rising tone ![](../tones/d2.png) (**kúne** "the dog(s)", **shamu** "the apple(s)") or via **sá** (**sá kune** "some dog(s)", **sá shamu** "some apple(s)") or **tú** (**tú kune** "every dog", **tú shamu** "every apple"). | ||
|
||
2. <a name="fn-2" /> **hu** is a so-called *vocative marker*. It is placed in front of a noun and indicates that the noun is the party being addressed by the speaker. Here, it is the mother (**máma**) who is being addressed. | ||
2. <a name="fn-2" /> **hóı** is a so-called *vocative marker*. It is placed in front of a noun and indicates that the noun is the party being addressed by the speaker. Here, it is mother (**máma**) who is being addressed. | ||
|
||
3. <a name="fn-3" /> Here we see another use for the particle **bı**: by allowing one to state a noun first, one can establish that noun as the topic of the sentence. In English, this is sometimes expressed via phrases like "As for the dog, ...", or "About the dog, ...". | ||
3. <a name="fn-3" /> The particle **bï** is a topic marker. It's preceded by a noun in the rising tone, and establishes that noun as the topic of the sentence. In English, this is sometimes expressed via phrases like "As for the dog, ...", or "About the dog, ...". The topic should be *definite*: that is, it should have ![the rising tone](../tones/d2.png) on it instead of **sá** or **tú** before it. If you want to move a **sá** or **tú** noun to the front of the sentence, use **nä** as we saw in Lesson 5. | ||
|
||
4. <a name="fn-4" /> **hı X** can generally be translated as "which X" or "what X". Grammatically, it works just like **sa** and **tu**. **hı kua** "which (thing that is a) room", **hı kune** "which dog". In the previous lesson, **hı raı** was given as simply "what". This is because the verb **raı** means "to be something", so **hı raı** means "which thing that is something", which really just amounts to "what". | ||
4. <a name="fn-4" /> **hí X** can generally be translated as "which X" or "what X". Grammatically, it works just like **sá** and **tú**. **hí kua** "which (thing that is a) room", **hí kune** "which dog". In the previous lesson, **hí raı** was given as simply "what". This is because the verb **raı** means "to be something", so **hí raı** means "which something", which really just amounts to "what". | ||
|
||
5. <a name="fn-5" /> **nuokua** "bedroom" is a compound whose components are **nuo** "sleep" and **kua** "room". You should have no problem remembering that it means "bedroom", since that’s the room which is mainly used for sleeping. | ||
|
||
6. <a name="fn-6" /> **bũ** "not" is often placed right after the verb. We will learn about this in much more detail in later lessons. | ||
6. <a name="fn-6" /> **bu** "not" is placed right before the verb. | ||
|
||
7. <a name="fn-7" /> **ba** is what turns this sentence into a command. | ||
|
||
8. <a name="fn-8" /> **muy** is another pronoun. It means "we", but specifically refers to the speaker and the listener, as opposed to the speaker and some third party. | ||
8. <a name="fn-8" /> **úmo** is another pronoun. It means "we", but specifically refers to the speaker and the listener, as opposed to the speaker and some third party. | ||
|
||
## Exercises | ||
|
||
### Translate: | ||
|
||
- <audio controls src="ex1.mp3"></audio> | ||
**Nuo déo ru máma da.** | ||
**Nuo déo rú máma da.** | ||
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"The child and the mother are asleep."</span> | ||
|
||
- <audio controls src="ex2.mp3"></audio> | ||
**Ma nuı sófa moq?** | ||
**Ma nuı sófa móq?** | ||
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"Is the sofa small?"</span> | ||
|
||
- <audio controls src="ex3.mp3"></audio> | ||
**Sa kune bı nıe hó núokua da.** | ||
**Sá kune bï nıe hó núokua da.** | ||
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"Some dogs, they are in the bedroom."</span> | ||
|
||
- <audio controls src="ex4.mp3"></audio> | ||
**Joaı kúne hı raı moq?** | ||
**Joaı kúne hí raı móq?** | ||
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"What is the dog looking for?"</span> | ||
|
||
- <audio controls src="ex5.mp3"></audio> | ||
**Kuq déo mó« Sa poq bı joaı hó súq, hu máma »teo da.** | ||
**Kuq déo mó « Sá poq nä joaı hó súq, hu máma » teo da.** | ||
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"The child says 'Some person, they are looking for you, Mother'."</span> | ||
|
||
### Fill in the blanks: | ||
|
||
- "What's behind the sofa?" | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Tıa</span> hı <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>raı</span> sófa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>moq</span>?** | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Tıa</span> hí <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>raı</span> sófa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>móq</span>?** | ||
|
||
- "As for the dog, the dog is small." | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Kúne</span> bı <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>nuı</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>kúne</span> da.** | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Kúne</span> bï <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>nuı</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>kúne</span> da.** | ||
|
||
- "As for those who sleep, they are in the bedroom." | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Núo</span> bı nıe hó <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>núokua</span> da.** | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Núo</span> bï nıe hó <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>núokua</span> da.** | ||
|
||
- "Let us eat some apples." | ||
**Chuq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>múy</span> sa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>shamu</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>ba</span>.** | ||
**Chuq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>úmo</span> sá <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>shamu</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>ba</span>.** | ||
|
||
- "Which dog are you looking for?" | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Hı</span> kune bı <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>joaı</span> súq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>hó/kúne</span> moq?** | ||
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Hí</span> kune nä <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>joaı</span> súq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>hó/kúne</span> móq?** |
Oops, something went wrong.