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Update lessons 6 and 7
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lynn committed Jan 5, 2024
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions _lessons/01/index.md
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---
title: 'Chıetoaı kọshı'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọshı'
delta: true
---
# **Chıetoaı kọshı** -- 1st Lesson
# **Chíetoaı kọshı** -- 1st Lesson

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions _lessons/02/index.md
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title: 'Chıetoaı kọgu'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọgu'
delta: true
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# **Chıetoaı kọgu** -- 2nd Lesson
# **Chíetoaı kọgu** -- 2nd Lesson

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions _lessons/03/index.md
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title: 'Chıetoaı kọsaq'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọsaq'
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# **Chıetoaı kọsaq** -- 3rd Lesson
# **Chíetoaı kọsaq** -- 3rd Lesson

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions _lessons/04/index.md
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title: 'Chıetoaı kọjo'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọjo'
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# **Chıetoaı kọjo** -- 4th Lesson
# **Chíetoaı kọjo** -- 4th Lesson

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

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5 changes: 3 additions & 2 deletions _lessons/05/index.md
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title: 'Chıetoaı kọfe'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọfe'
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# **Chıetoaı kọfe** -- 5th Lesson
# **Chíetoaı kọfe** -- 5th Lesson

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

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55 changes: 28 additions & 27 deletions _lessons/06/index.md
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---
title: 'Cíko chıetoaı'
title: 'Chíetoaı kọcı'
delta: true
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# **Cíko chıetoaı** -- Lesson 6
# **Chíetoaı kọcı** -- Lesson 6

<audio id="mainaudio" controls src="lesson.mp3"></audio>

{: .sentences}
| **Joaı déo kúne da.** [](#fn-1) | The child is looking for the dog. |
| **Hu máma, kúne bı, tı hó raı moq?** [](#fn-2)[](#fn-3) | Mother, the dog, where is it? |
| **Kúne , nıe hó kúa da.** | The dog, it's in the room.|
| ** kua?** [](#fn-4) | Which room? |
| **Kúne bï, tı hó raı móq, hóı máma?** [](#fn-2)[](#fn-3) | The dog, where is it, mother? |
| **Kúne , nıe hó kúa da.** | The dog, it's in the room.|
| ** kua?** [](#fn-4) | Which room? |
| **Núokua.** [](#fn-5) | The bedroom.|
| **Nıe bũ hó núokua da.** [](#fn-6) | It's not in the bedroom. |
| **Nuı hó da… Ma tıa hó sófa moq?** | It's small... Is it behind the sofa?|
| **Tıa bũ hó sófa da.** | It's not behind the sofa. |
| **Fa súq tu kua ba.** [](#fn-7) | Go to every room. |
| **Hu máma, kíao bı rıa máq da!** | Mother, the door, it's open! |
| **Oaı! Ma buı kúne moq? Joaı múy ba.** [](#fn-8) | Uh-oh! Is the dog outside? Let us go looking. |
| **Bu nıe hó núokua da.** [](#fn-6) | It's not in the bedroom. |
| **Nuı hó da… Ma tıa hó sófa móq?** | It's small... Is it behind the sofa?|
| **Bu tıa hó sófa da.** | It's not behind the sofa. |
| **Fa súq kua ba.** [](#fn-7) | Go to every room. |
| **Kíao bï rıa máq da, hóı máma!** | The door, it's open, mother! |
| **Oaı! Ma buı kúne móq? Joaı úmo ba.** [](#fn-8) | Uh-oh! Is the dog outside? Let us go looking. |

## Notes

1. <a name="fn-1" /> **kune** "dog" is a root word with more than one syllable. We met another such root in Lesson 4. An interesting point worth appreciating here again is that the words for "dog" and "apple" are verbs in Toaq. **kune** means "to be a dog", **shamu** "to be an apple". The noun meanings are derived from these verbs, either via a rising tone ![](../tones/t2.png) (**kúne** "the dog(s)", **shamu** "the apple(s)") or via **sa** (**sa kune** "some dog(s)", **sa shamu** "some apple(s)") or **tu** (**tu kune** "every dog", **tu shamu** "every apple").
1. <a name="fn-1" /> **kune** "dog" is a root word with more than one syllable. We met another such root in Lesson 4. An interesting point worth appreciating here again is that the words for "dog" and "apple" are verbs in Toaq. **kune** means "to be a dog", **shamu** "to be an apple". The noun meanings are derived from these verbs, either via a rising tone ![](../tones/d2.png) (**kúne** "the dog(s)", **shamu** "the apple(s)") or via **** (** kune** "some dog(s)", ** shamu** "some apple(s)") or **** (** kune** "every dog", ** shamu** "every apple").

2. <a name="fn-2" /> **hu** is a so-called *vocative marker*. It is placed in front of a noun and indicates that the noun is the party being addressed by the speaker. Here, it is the mother (**máma**) who is being addressed.
2. <a name="fn-2" /> **hóı** is a so-called *vocative marker*. It is placed in front of a noun and indicates that the noun is the party being addressed by the speaker. Here, it is mother (**máma**) who is being addressed.

3. <a name="fn-3" /> Here we see another use for the particle ****: by allowing one to state a noun first, one can establish that noun as the topic of the sentence. In English, this is sometimes expressed via phrases like "As for the dog, ...", or "About the dog, ...".
3. <a name="fn-3" /> The particle **** is a topic marker. It's preceded by a noun in the rising tone, and establishes that noun as the topic of the sentence. In English, this is sometimes expressed via phrases like "As for the dog, ...", or "About the dog, ...". The topic should be *definite*: that is, it should have ![the rising tone](../tones/d2.png) on it instead of **** or **** before it. If you want to move a **** or **** noun to the front of the sentence, use **** as we saw in Lesson 5.

4. <a name="fn-4" /> ** X** can generally be translated as "which X" or "what X". Grammatically, it works just like **sa** and **tu**. ** kua** "which (thing that is a) room", ** kune** "which dog". In the previous lesson, ** raı** was given as simply "what". This is because the verb **raı** means "to be something", so ** raı** means "which thing that is something", which really just amounts to "what".
4. <a name="fn-4" /> ** X** can generally be translated as "which X" or "what X". Grammatically, it works just like **** and ****. ** kua** "which (thing that is a) room", ** kune** "which dog". In the previous lesson, ** raı** was given as simply "what". This is because the verb **raı** means "to be something", so ** raı** means "which something", which really just amounts to "what".

5. <a name="fn-5" /> **nuokua** "bedroom" is a compound whose components are **nuo** "sleep" and **kua** "room". You should have no problem remembering that it means "bedroom", since that’s the room which is mainly used for sleeping.

6. <a name="fn-6" /> **** "not" is often placed right after the verb. We will learn about this in much more detail in later lessons.
6. <a name="fn-6" /> **bu** "not" is placed right before the verb.

7. <a name="fn-7" /> **ba** is what turns this sentence into a command.

8. <a name="fn-8" /> **muy** is another pronoun. It means "we", but specifically refers to the speaker and the listener, as opposed to the speaker and some third party.
8. <a name="fn-8" /> **úmo** is another pronoun. It means "we", but specifically refers to the speaker and the listener, as opposed to the speaker and some third party.

## Exercises

### Translate:

- <audio controls src="ex1.mp3"></audio>
**Nuo déo ru máma da.**
**Nuo déo máma da.**
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"The child and the mother are asleep."</span>

- <audio controls src="ex2.mp3"></audio>
**Ma nuı sófa moq?**
**Ma nuı sófa móq?**
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"Is the sofa small?"</span>

- <audio controls src="ex3.mp3"></audio>
**Sa kune nıe hó núokua da.**
** kune nıe hó núokua da.**
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"Some dogs, they are in the bedroom."</span>

- <audio controls src="ex4.mp3"></audio>
**Joaı kúne raı moq?**
**Joaı kúne raı móq?**
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"What is the dog looking for?"</span>

- <audio controls src="ex5.mp3"></audio>
**Kuq déo mó« Sa poq joaı hó súq, hu máma »teo da.**
**Kuq déo mó « Sá poq joaı hó súq, hu máma » teo da.**
<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>"The child says 'Some person, they are looking for you, Mother'."</span>

### Fill in the blanks:

- "What's behind the sofa?"
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Tıa</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>raı</span> sófa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>moq</span>?**
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Tıa</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>raı</span> sófa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>móq</span>?**

- "As for the dog, the dog is small."
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Kúne</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>nuı</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>kúne</span> da.**
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Kúne</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>nuı</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>kúne</span> da.**

- "As for those who sleep, they are in the bedroom."
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Núo</span> nıe hó <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>núokua</span> da.**
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>Núo</span> nıe hó <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>núokua</span> da.**

- "Let us eat some apples."
**Chuq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>múy</span> sa <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>shamu</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>ba</span>.**
**Chuq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>úmo</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>shamu</span> <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>ba</span>.**

- "Which dog are you looking for?"
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0></span> kune <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>joaı</span> súq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>hó/kúne</span> moq?**
**<span class="spoiler" tabindex=0></span> kune <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>joaı</span> súq <span class="spoiler" tabindex=0>hó/kúne</span> móq?**
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