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                  The Greenplum Query Optimizer
              Copyright (c) 2015, Pivotal Software, Inc.
            Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
======================================================================

Welcome to GPORCA, the Greenplum Next Generation Query Optimizer!

GPORCA supports various build types: debug, release with debug info, release. On x86 systems, GPORCA can also be built as a 32-bit or 64-bit library. You'll need CMake 3.0 or higher to build GPORCA. Get it from cmake.org, or your operating system's package manager.

First Time Setup

Clone GPORCA

git clone https://github.com/greenplum-db/gporca.git
cd gporca

Pre-Requisites

GPORCA uses the following library:

  • GP-Xerces - Greenplum's patched version of Xerces-C 3.1.X

Installing GP-Xerces

GP-XERCES is available here. The GP-XERCES README gives instructions for building and installing.

Build GPORCA

Go into gporca directory:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../
make
sudo make install

Test GPORCA

To run all GPORCA tests, simply use the ctest command from the build directory after make finishes.

ctest

Much like make, ctest has a -j option that allows running multiple tests in parallel to save time. Using it is recommended for faster testing.

ctest -j7

By default, ctest does not print the output of failed tests. To print the output of failed tests, use the --output-on-failure flag like so (this is useful for debugging failed tests):

ctest -j7 --output-on-failure

To run a specific individual test, use the gporca_test executable directly.

./server/gporca_test -U CAggTest

To run a specific minidump, for example for ../data/dxl/minidump/TVFRandom.mdp:

./server/gporca_test -d ../data/dxl/minidump/TVFRandom.mdp

Note that some tests use assertions that are only enabled for DEBUG builds, so DEBUG-mode tests tend to be more rigorous.

Adding tests

Most of the regression tests come in the form of a "minidump" file. A minidump is an XML file that contains all the input needed to plan a query, including information about all tables, datatypes, and functions used, as well as statistics. It also contains the resulting plan.

A new minidump can be created by running a query on a live GPDB server:

  1. Run these in a psql session:
set client_min_messages='log';
set optimizer=on;
set optimizer_enumerate_plans=on;
set optimizer_minidump=always;
set optimizer_enable_constant_expression_evaluation=off;
  1. Run the query in the same psql session. It will create a minidump file under the "minidumps" directory, in the master's data directory:
$ ls -l ~/data-master/minidumps/
total 12
-rw------- 1 heikki heikki 10818 Jun 10 22:02 Minidump_20160610_220222_4_14.mdp
  1. Run xmllint on the minidump to format it better, and copy it under the data/dxl/minidump directory:
xmllint --format ~/data-master/minidumps/Minidump_20160610_220222_4_14.mdp > data/dxl/minidump/MyTest.xml
  1. Add it to the test suite, in server/src/unittest/gpopt/minidump/CICGTest.cpp
--- a/server/src/unittest/gpopt/minidump/CICGTest.cpp
+++ b/server/src/unittest/gpopt/minidump/CICGTest.cpp
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ const CHAR *rgszFileNames[] =
                "../data/dxl/minidump/EffectsOfJoinFilter.mdp",
                "../data/dxl/minidump/Join-IDF.mdp",
                "../data/dxl/minidump/CoerceToDomain.mdp",
+               "../data/dxl/minidump/Mytest.mdp",
                "../data/dxl/minidump/LeftOuter2InnerUnionAllAntiSemiJoin.mdp",
 #ifndef GPOS_DEBUG
                // TODO:  - Jul 14 2015; disabling it for debug build to reduce testing time

[Experimental] Concourse

GPORCA contains a series of pipeline and task files to run various sets of tests on concourse. You can learn more about deploying concourse with bosh at bosh.io.

Our concourse currently runs the following sets of tests:

  • build and ctest on centos5
  • build and ctest on debian8

We are currently working on adding support for the following sets of tests:

  • build and ctest on centos6
  • build GPDB with GPORCA and run make installcheck-good on centos6

All configuration files for our concourse pipelines can be found in the concourse/ directory.

Note: concourse jobs and pipelines for GPORCA are currently experimental and should not be considered ready for use in production-level CI environments.

Advanced Setup

How to generate make files with different options

Here are few build flavors:

# debug build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG ../
# release build with debug info
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo ../
# release build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE ../

Explicitly Specifying GP-Xerces For Build

GP-XERCES

It is recommended to use the --prefix option to the Xerces-C configure script to install GP-Xerces in a location other than the default under /usr/local/, because you may have other software that depends on Xerces-C, and the changes introduced in the GP-Xerces patch make it incompatible with the upstream version. Installing in a non-default prefix allows you to have GP-Xerces installed side-by-side with unpatched Xerces without incompatibilities.

You can point cmake at your patched GP-Xerces installation using the XERCES_INCLUDE_DIR and XERCES_LIBRARY options like so:

However, to use the current build scripts in GPDB, Xerces with the gp_xerces patch will need to be placed on the /usr path.

cmake -D XERCES_INCLUDE_DIR=/opt/gp_xerces/include -D XERCES_LIBRARY=/opt/gp_xerces/lib/libxerces-c.so ..

Again, on Mac OS X, the library name will end with .dylib instead of .so.

Cross-Compiling 32-bit or 64-bit libraries

GP-XERCES

Unless you intend to cross-compile a 32 or 64-bit version of GP-Orca, you can ignore these instructions. If you need to explicitly compile for the 32 or 64-bit version of your architecture, you need to set the CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS environment variables for the configure script like so (use -m32 for 32-bit, -m64 for 64-bit):

CFLAGS="-m32" CXXFLAGS="-m32" ../configure --prefix=/opt/gp_xerces_32

GPORCA

For the most part you should not need to explicitly compile a 32-bit or 64-bit version of the optimizer libraries. By default, a "native" version for your host platform will be compiled. However, if you are on x86 and want to, for example, build a 32-bit version of Optimizer libraries on a 64-bit machine, you can do so as described below. Note that you will need a "multilib" C++ compiler that supports the -m32/-m64 switches, and you may also need to install 32-bit ("i386") versions of the C and C++ standard libraries for your OS. Finally, you will need to build 32-bit or 64-bit versions of GP-Xerces as appropriate.

Toolchain files for building 32 or 64-bit x86 libraries are located in the cmake directory. Here is an example of building for 32-bit x86:

cmake -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../cmake/i386.toolchain.cmake ../

And for 64-bit x86:

cmake -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../cmake/x86_64.toolchain.cmake ../

How to speed-up the build (or debug it)

For faster build use the -j option of make. For instance, the following command runs make on 7 job slots

make -j7

Show all commands being run as part of make (for debugging purpose)

make VERBOSE=1

Extended Tests

Debug builds of GPORCA include a couple of "extended" tests for features like fault-simulation and time-slicing that work by running the entire test suite in combination with the feature being tested. These tests can take a long time to run and are not enabled by default. To turn extended tests on, add the cmake arguments -D ENABLE_EXTENDED_TESTS=1.

Installation Details

GPORCA has four libraries:

  1. libnaucrates --- has all DXL related classes, and statistics related classes
  2. libgpopt --- has all the code related to the optimization engine, meta-data accessor, logical / physical operators, transformation rules, and translators (DXL to expression and vice versa).
  3. libgpdbcost --- cost model for GPDB.
  4. libgpos --- abstraction of memory allocation, scheduling, error handling, and testing framework.

By default, GPORCA will be installed under /usr/local. You can change this by setting CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX when running cmake, for example:

cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/user/gporca ../

By default, the header files are located in:

/usr/local/include/naucrates
/usr/local/include/gpdbcost
/usr/local/include/gpopt
/usr/local/include/gpos

the library is located at:

/usr/local/lib/libnaucrates.so*
/usr/local/lib/libgpdbcost.so*
/usr/local/lib/libgpopt.so*
/usr/local/lib/libgpos.so*

Build and install:

make install

Build and install with verbose output

make VERBOSE=1 install

Cleanup

Remove the cmake files generated under build folder of gporca repo:

rm -fr build/*

Remove gporca header files and library, (assuming the default install prefix /usr/local)

rm -rf /usr/local/include/naucrates
rm -rf /usr/local/include/gpdbcost
rm -rf /usr/local/include/gpopt
rm -rf /usr/local/include/gpos
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/libnaucrates.so*
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/libgpdbcost.so*
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/libgpopt.so*
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/libgpos.so*

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