Final Project Submission #1
Conversation
Michaelrappa
commented
Jul 1, 2019
Michaelrappa
commented
- Michael Rappa
- Faris Chaoui
- Thomas Miller
Image for Source Analysis
| **See your site at your-username.github.io/your-repo-name** | ||
|
|
||
| *(May take a few minutes)* | ||
| [Home](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/) | |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Overall, great job on this README page (and by extension, the introduction). And, your visuals work!
One suggestion I might have (and I did not say this ahead of time so it's not something held against you), is that you can add a link on the README that points to the live website. That way, if someone finds the repo on GitHub, it will render your README file and show them a nice link they can follow to see the actual website. You already have the navigation bar which will give links, but that may not be clear to the viewer.
| [Home](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/) | | |
| ### [Click Here to See the Website!](https://Michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration) | |
| [Home](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/) | |
| *(May take a few minutes)* | ||
| [Home](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/) | | ||
| [Analysis](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/pages/analysis.html) | | ||
| [Background](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/pages/background.html) | |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Wouldn't you want analysis after giving the background?
| **REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING** | ||
| + [GitHub account](https://github.com) created | ||
| + [Atom](https://atom.io) editor installed | ||
| [Home](https://michaelrappa.github.io/usa-migration/) | |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Good & functional intro and README's
| today that owes its existence primarily to the phenomenon of | ||
| immigration" - Ernest Rubin | ||
|
|
||
| Our project will look at immigration into the United States. We will look at the major countries that have come to the United States and use data visualization to analyze trends in relation to major world events and immigration laws. The project will look at immigration laws and world events to see patterns or trends in the data and hope to come to conclusions with it. We will be using data found from credible sources and plugging them into Tablaeu to create the visualizations. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Great, why not use present tense, sense you have (by now) completed the work of the project?
|
|
||
| This is where your historiography goes. You can discuss the historiography of specific times and places, but you can also discuss any theoretical literature you think is relevant. | ||
| Immigration to the United States has been a staple to our country’s growth both culturally and economically since the nations birth. Historically, there has been multiple causes for immigration as Quinn states. He states that immigrants look to escape conflict, healthcare, escape poverty "The American Dream", provide opportunities toward children, and jobs. The past decade has put immigration up in political strife where the nation is divided on the current situation. Currently as it stands, Mexico is on top of the debate. There is a lot of push and pull for reasons on why Mexicans seek to immigrate here. Aguila points out three categories for factors that cause immigration flows that can be used as a model for the rest of the countries in this project as well. These categories are: |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
You have a couple redundant and awkward phrases here. Also, you should add a citation here with a parenthetical note to make a clear reference to the bibliography.
|
|
||
| This is where your historiography goes. You can discuss the historiography of specific times and places, but you can also discuss any theoretical literature you think is relevant. | ||
| Immigration to the United States has been a staple to our country’s growth both culturally and economically since the nations birth. Historically, there has been multiple causes for immigration as Quinn states. He states that immigrants look to escape conflict, healthcare, escape poverty "The American Dream", provide opportunities toward children, and jobs. The past decade has put immigration up in political strife where the nation is divided on the current situation. Currently as it stands, Mexico is on top of the debate. There is a lot of push and pull for reasons on why Mexicans seek to immigrate here. Aguila points out three categories for factors that cause immigration flows that can be used as a model for the rest of the countries in this project as well. These categories are: |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
| Immigration to the United States has been a staple to our country’s growth both culturally and economically since the nations birth. Historically, there has been multiple causes for immigration as Quinn states. He states that immigrants look to escape conflict, healthcare, escape poverty "The American Dream", provide opportunities toward children, and jobs. The past decade has put immigration up in political strife where the nation is divided on the current situation. Currently as it stands, Mexico is on top of the debate. There is a lot of push and pull for reasons on why Mexicans seek to immigrate here. Aguila points out three categories for factors that cause immigration flows that can be used as a model for the rest of the countries in this project as well. These categories are: | |
| Immigration to the United States has been a staple to our country’s growth both culturally and economically since the nations birth. Historically, there has been multiple causes for immigration as Quinn states that immigrants look to escape conflict, healthcare, poverty, and that 'The American Dream', provides opportunities toward children, and jobs (5). The past decade has put immigration up in political strife where the nation is divided on the current situation. Currently as it stands, Mexico is on top of the debate. There is a lot of push and pull for reasons on why Mexicans seek to immigrate here. Aguila points out three categories for factors that cause immigration flows that can be used as a model for the rest of the countries in this project as well (11). These categories are: |
| * _Supply-Push_ - This is the cause of economic stability in Mexico's economy or others that drive people out of the country. | ||
| * _Networks_ - Friends and Family that spark migration from existing residents of the United States | ||
|
|
||
| With these categories this can be the base for looking at trends in data. Aguila also shows arguments proving that even low employment rates in Mexico along with decreasing poverty rates still showed a relatively steady pace of migration. Finally, her arguments with networks also serve as a key to migration as her data shows the growth of established communities creating social ties to employments and aiding new migrations to the same occupation. These occupations grow in sync with the growing wage workers and assist in the United States GDP over time. The data and explanations by Aguila are patterns and trends that can be applied to other population growths such as in European populations in the north east and Asian populations in the west of the United States of America. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
| With these categories this can be the base for looking at trends in data. Aguila also shows arguments proving that even low employment rates in Mexico along with decreasing poverty rates still showed a relatively steady pace of migration. Finally, her arguments with networks also serve as a key to migration as her data shows the growth of established communities creating social ties to employments and aiding new migrations to the same occupation. These occupations grow in sync with the growing wage workers and assist in the United States GDP over time. The data and explanations by Aguila are patterns and trends that can be applied to other population growths such as in European populations in the north east and Asian populations in the west of the United States of America. | |
| With these categories this can be the base for looking at trends in data. Aguila also shows arguments proving that even low employment rates in Mexico along with decreasing poverty rates still showed a relatively steady pace of migration. Finally, her arguments with networks also serve as a key to migration as her data shows the growth of established communities creating social ties to employments and aiding new migrations to the same occupation. These occupations grow in sync with the growing wage workers and assist in the United States GDP over time. The data and explanations by Aguila are patterns and trends that can be applied to other population growths such as in European populations in the north east and Asian populations in the west of the United States of America (11). |
|
|
||
| You have freedom to roam from the narrow topic of your project to explore how different authors/schools of thought have impacted scholarly approaches over time. However, make sure that in the end you clearly relate how this discussion relates to the subject of your project and/or your choices in methods or interpreative models. | ||
| A large basis for this project was to look at how immigration laws affected the migrant flow over time for the United States. Liskofsky points out in their journal of the roots of immigration that is plagued with racism and "Nordic" superiority over other countries. Historically, The United States has shown resentment towards every newcomer as Liskofsky argues. From Catholic's and Jew's to eventually the Chinese where we first witness exclusionary acts in 1882. This leads into further restrictions seen by the Japanese as well before the second world war which is why our data shows such staggering declines in immigration during the period. Following this period, Liskofsky disussed multiple displaces and refugee acts that would bring immigration back to the states. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Great, way to be clear about the historiographical basis for this project! Again, add citations, even if you mention the authors by name in the main text. If it feels weird to just have a number like this (3), instead you could do something like this (Bibliography, 3)
I will stop mentioning citations from here forward.
Additional note: if you end up examining some of these claims (like claims about Jews or Japanese) in your visual analysis, go ahead and hint at that here (I haven't look at the analysis part as of reading this yet).
|
|
||
| You should also make sure to do research on any relevant digital work, whether scholarly articles or digital projects. Make sure to check Digital Humanities Quarterly, or [DHQ](http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/), [Debates in the Digital Humanities](http://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/), [JStor](https://jstor.org), blogs and more to find relevant work. | ||
| It is only after the wars that we see a trend in the demographic. Up until the Hart-Celler Act of 1965, the United States saw a majority of women come into the states. This makes sense considering the fighting force for every nation were all young males during these periods of war. Other events that lined up with immigration laws seemed to also be the rising trend of civil war's in Central and Latin America. These wars with our data from Migration Policy Institute follow trends with increased immigration from the continent as more and more civil wars from such countries as Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador occur. From these sources of data, it is also worth noting the exclusion of African immigrants due to slavery and not being added in the data sets. In conclusion, we were able to find compelling arguments throughout sources such as JSTOR, credible websites, and government databases to support our own conclusions. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Overall, really good job on the historiography!
| # Bibliography | ||
|
|
||
| --- | ||
| 1. | ||
| Galka, Max. 2016. "Here's Everyone Who's Immigrated to the U.S. Since 1820." May 3. http://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map/. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
| Galka, Max. 2016. "Here's Everyone Who's Immigrated to the U.S. Since 1820." May 3. http://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map/. | |
| Galka, Max. 2016. "Here's Everyone Who's Immigrated to the U.S. Since 1820." May 3. [http://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map/](http://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map/). |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
You should make the URLs in your bibliography into links! That way, the reader can easily click them.
| 4. See example below | ||
| 5. Clinton, Kevin. *Eleusis, the Inscriptions on Stone: Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and Public Documents of the Deme*. Vol. 1a: Text. Athens: The Archaeological Society at Athens, 2008. | ||
| 12. | ||
| Liskofsky, Sidney. "United States Immigration Policy." The American Jewish Year Book 67 (1966): 164-75. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23604995. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Overall, good bibliography. Are there any historical monographs on the subject. Often, one or two books tend to have a strong influence on the discussion of an historical topic, even if the more current recent is found in articles.
| * Do the organizations or individuals involved in gathering and publishing your data set have any stated goals or agendas? | ||
| * Do the organizations or individuals involved seem to have any unstated agendas or goals? | ||
| * If a 3rd party funded the project, who are they? Do they have any particular perspective? | ||
| Policy, Migration. 2013. "U.S. Immigration Trends." January 23. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/us-immigration-trends#lep. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
| Policy, Migration. 2013. "U.S. Immigration Trends." January 23. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/us-immigration-trends#lep. | |
| Policy, Migration. 2013. "U.S. Immigration Trends." January 23. [https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/us-immigration-trends#lep](https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/us-immigration-trends#lep). |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Again, you should add citations that relate to the bibliography
| * What kinds of categorizations do you find in the data, and do they seem reasonable? | ||
| * Do the means of data collection or categorization affect how the data is constructed in any way? | ||
| * Does the website contain any tools for visualizing the data? Do they seem like they are making any kind of arguments? | ||
| Galka, Max. 2016. "Here's Everyone Who's Immigrated to the U.S. Since 1820." May 3. http://metrocosm.com/animated-immigration-map/. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Overall, okay on the sources. You gave a fair examination of your main source, but it feels like you could have gone in a bit farther. One thing I wonder, has this professor ever published on the subject of immigration before? Do you think his background as a data visualization expert, rather than historian, might affect how he approaches his information, even if that is not a 'bias' as such?
Do you think that your reliance on a single data source is a problem? What kinds of data or sources would you like to draw from?
Finally, which datasets, of all available on the site, did you choose to download, and why?
|
|
||
| What you need to cover: Talk about every step in your process, talk about how and why you made the decisions that you did. Why did you pick the website that you did? Did you download every record, or just some? Did you download the data directly from the website, or did you use a tool like Webscraper.io? Did you use OpenRefine to change the raw data in some form, and if so, why did you change it the way you did? What program(s) or techniques did you decide on to visualize or analyze it? Why did you feel those programs (e.g. Tableau or Gephi) were better than other options, given your research interest? Did you have to do anything to the data inside Tableau? | ||
| * First I started by getting the Data from the website metrocosm.com which had an excel sheet that had all of the immigration Data that we needed which was from 1825-2017. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
What data is this? What kind of data sheets? Did you use all of the data available for download at the site, or just some data sets?
Why did you make the decisions about the data that you (as a group) focused on.
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Try to be a little more specific about how the data when from point (a) to point (b), (c), (d)... to (z)... instead of just saying you started at (a) and then got to (z).
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Also, add links when you put URLs
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Overall, great project folks! You pulled it off. I've left my comments, and even some code suggestions that you can accept, or not. If you want to use this as a portfolio, consider making some of the suggested changes.
I am going to close your pull request, so that I don't adopt your changes and overwrite my template. But you are free to continue making changes to your own repository. Tom and Faris can fork their own copies of the repo if they want their own copies. But you two should wait until you all make the changes you want. Remember that if you fork the repo, you need to go to the settings tab and go to the GitPages section to set up the live website.
Great having all of you in class this semester!
|
|
||
| What you need to cover: Talk about every step in your process, talk about how and why you made the decisions that you did. Why did you pick the website that you did? Did you download every record, or just some? Did you download the data directly from the website, or did you use a tool like Webscraper.io? Did you use OpenRefine to change the raw data in some form, and if so, why did you change it the way you did? What program(s) or techniques did you decide on to visualize or analyze it? Why did you feel those programs (e.g. Tableau or Gephi) were better than other options, given your research interest? Did you have to do anything to the data inside Tableau? | ||
| * First I started by getting the Data from the website metrocosm.com which had an excel sheet that had all of the immigration Data that we needed which was from 1825-2017. | ||
| * I then started to alter the excel sheet by flipping it to make it work for Tableau to make the visualizations. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
What do you mean by this? A reader who is not me will have no idea. You could use the term (transpose), or say that you flipped the columns and the rows, which is more specific.
| What you need to cover: Talk about every step in your process, talk about how and why you made the decisions that you did. Why did you pick the website that you did? Did you download every record, or just some? Did you download the data directly from the website, or did you use a tool like Webscraper.io? Did you use OpenRefine to change the raw data in some form, and if so, why did you change it the way you did? What program(s) or techniques did you decide on to visualize or analyze it? Why did you feel those programs (e.g. Tableau or Gephi) were better than other options, given your research interest? Did you have to do anything to the data inside Tableau? | ||
| * First I started by getting the Data from the website metrocosm.com which had an excel sheet that had all of the immigration Data that we needed which was from 1825-2017. | ||
| * I then started to alter the excel sheet by flipping it to make it work for Tableau to make the visualizations. | ||
| * I then made three visualizations which I used area charts for all of them which helped show the results of our data clearer. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Why did you choose to only look at issues chronologically? Creating a bar chart or tree graph showing top migrations by country total (or at a specific moment) would also reveal a lot.
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Also, don't use 'I', use the royal 'we' even though it may have been you that did that portion of work. When you speak, you speak for the whole group. It reads much better.
| * First I started by getting the Data from the website metrocosm.com which had an excel sheet that had all of the immigration Data that we needed which was from 1825-2017. | ||
| * I then started to alter the excel sheet by flipping it to make it work for Tableau to make the visualizations. | ||
| * I then made three visualizations which I used area charts for all of them which helped show the results of our data clearer. | ||
| * As soon as I finished making my visualizations the data showed the increases and decreases of migrations to the United States then I showed my group the visualizatiuons and we got to see the results. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
You don't need to say it like this, but following the 'royal we', you could just say that as soon as the visualizations were finished, we saw the fluctuations in migrations to the United States.
|
|
||
| To make elegant workflow charts, use [LucidChart](https://lucidchart.com) | ||
| We were lucky enough that we had a source that we did not have to scrape for any data since we already had the data. The source that we had was metrocosm.com which had an excel spread sheet. We had to fix the excel sheet up and then we had to flip the information so it can be readable to Tableau. After that with that information from the data I was able to make three visualizations. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Again, link.
In addition, you should add screenshots, as the directions noted. Why not show a screenshot of your data before we flipped rows & columns, and then again of it after we flipped? That way, even if they don't understand what transposing is, they can see the screenshot and figure it out.
| Take plenty of screenshots to document your process... | ||
| * **Mac** press 'command' + 'shift' + '4' and then drag a rectangle to take a screenshot of whatever you select... On | ||
| * **Windows**, click the 'Start' button then type 'Snipping' and select Snipping Tool, then click 'New' and drag a rectangle to take a screenshot of whatever you select. | ||
| The first visualization being the main visualization on immigration from 19th century until 21st century which had some laws that effected immigration throughout the timeline. For example, there was a drop of immigration during the 1917 immigration act, which then the drop kept decreasing from 1917 until events leading to WWII. There was also the 1953 Refugee Relief Act which showed from the graph that little by little throughout decades’ immigrations started to Increase tremendously. The Visualization showed the major shifts of migration to the United States starting from the year 1825, which showed the cause being United States Laws. The second visualization is about immigration Pre-World War II by European nations. The Visualization showed that migration was decreasing by a huge margin leading to World War II which makes sense since Wars against other nations would cause some National security concerns. It first started dropping from the events of World War I but then closer to the second World War there was stricter immigration policies. The last visualization was on wars and events that effected immigration. There was a big growth during 1880 from Asians because of the Angell Treaty of 1880 which helped the growth of Asian migration during the late 1800’s. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The portion above should all have been much more expansive, including using screenshots....
But what this portion and the following paragraph (until Research Work Flow) should actually be on the analysis page... since they are essentially talking about the actual visualization. So, they should be right next to the visualization they are talking about.
After all, you really aren't talking about a 'workflow' here, but just talking about what the graph shows. That is analysis, and should belong as the analysis page.
| # Project Background | ||
|
|
||
|  | ||
|
|
There was a problem hiding this comment.
You should add a credit to the open domain source here.
|
|
||
| * _Gathering more data:_ | ||
|
|
||
| The simple fact of a project like this is that we were at the mercy of the data. Essentially, with our limited time and developing skills, we could not undertake a huge data gathering endeavor, meaning that our scope was restricted to the data that was already out there. Had those limitations not been in place, we would have spent more time digging into the data to get the most complete figures possible. This ties into compiling multiple data sources. The dataset we primarily used had data from each decade rather than each year. That data resolution was sufficient for the scope of our project, but for more intimate conclusions to be drawn, more intricate and complete data would be required. This would mean doing something wholly out of our wheelhouse by taking multiple datasets and compiling them to fill each other’s gaps. Had our own skills in this arena not been a factor, compiling datasets would be a necessary next step for deeper conclusions to be worked towards. This, of all the things that could be done, would be the most useful and necessary step moving forward with this, not just for this project, but for posterity on the subject as well. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Good overall summations of each area of work, I like the breakdown! Furthermore, you don't give it a short shrift, as some projects have in the past.
| Moving on from problems, let's the reader on a positive note. What worked best, where did you think the strength of the project was? What were the most useful historical insights? What were the most useful tools? | ||
| I think the strength of our project lies in our bread and butter area chart. Our visualizations clearly and accurately showcase the macro situation with immigration and can give a solid idea about the history of US immigration at a glance. I had a vision of those graphs when we first undertook this project, and they turned out just as I had anticipated them to. Frankly, I could not be happier with how they turned out, and I think that we built upon that graph nicely by overlaying world events and legislation that impacted immigration to the US. | ||
|
|
||
| Lines of inquiry that came up for us that we lacked the ability to resolve were legion, for they were many: |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Good job on this page, I think that you highlighted a good range of not only limitations but also possibilities.
| * [Thomas Miller](mailto:[email protected]) | ||
| * My role in the project will be the Digital Scholar. I will be responsible for the sources we research on our project and ensure they are from credible accounts. I will record the use of data by writing a "digital methods and historic scholarship" page. This page will inform readers on how we used the research and what research we had ended up using. There will be times where we find data or research and the information may be useful, but not towards the goal of the project and will be noted in the section. I will plan on using the sources to inform the other members on how best to look at them for intended data that will be useful for the project. From the data I will look for data files and any other useful materials that I can send to my team for visuals and noticing trends for our project. | ||
| * Faris Chaoui | ||
| * The role that I have in this project is a mixture of both Data Scientist and Visualization expert. I will do both because some of our sources give us the data we need that we do not even have to really scrape. I personally need to accomplish by executing the roles I have as perfect as possible to make this project look good. I intend to get there by using the sources that I have to make this project as presentable as not only but also my group would like. The tools I plan to really use more is tableau since that helps the most with my visualizations. If I need help with my roles to clear my confusions, I will ask my group members but mostly I plan on using the knowledge that I have acquired in class to help. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Make sure to capitalize Tableau, and any other applications that are capitalizated. Also, I think the whole language about making it perfect as possible for the project doesn't really add much in terms of telling what you are doing. Telling them that you are doing the data and visualization is what you should focus on. Also, you were also in charge of the workflow page, you should mention that here.
| * [Thomas Miller](mailto:[email protected]) | ||
| * My role in the project will be the Digital Scholar. I will be responsible for the sources we research on our project and ensure they are from credible accounts. I will record the use of data by writing a "digital methods and historic scholarship" page. This page will inform readers on how we used the research and what research we had ended up using. There will be times where we find data or research and the information may be useful, but not towards the goal of the project and will be noted in the section. I will plan on using the sources to inform the other members on how best to look at them for intended data that will be useful for the project. From the data I will look for data files and any other useful materials that I can send to my team for visuals and noticing trends for our project. | ||
| * Faris Chaoui | ||
| * The role that I have in this project is a mixture of both Data Scientist and Visualization expert. I will do both because some of our sources give us the data we need that we do not even have to really scrape. I personally need to accomplish by executing the roles I have as perfect as possible to make this project look good. I intend to get there by using the sources that I have to make this project as presentable as not only but also my group would like. The tools I plan to really use more is tableau since that helps the most with my visualizations. If I need help with my roles to clear my confusions, I will ask my group members but mostly I plan on using the knowledge that I have acquired in class to help. | ||
|
|
||
| --- |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Now that the project is finished, you all might update this page if you want to leave it for posterity. First, you should change it to past tense, since you have accomplished it now! And now, you might be able to easily change it a bit to more clearly talk about what you each accomplished, what pages you were in charge of, et.c.
