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arokem committed Oct 11, 2024
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52 changes: 25 additions & 27 deletions sections/02-use-cases.qmd
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Expand Up @@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ some standards have been developed in the industry (e.g., Keyhole Markup
Language (KML) by Keyhole Inc., which Google later acquired), they later became
international standards of the OGC, which now encompasses more than 450
commercial, governmental, nonprofit, and research organizations working
together on the development and implementation of open standards
[https://www.ogc.org](https://www.ogc.org).
together on the development and implementation of open standards ([https://www.ogc.org](https://www.ogc.org)).

## Neuroscience

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -121,30 +120,29 @@ wide range of stakeholders and tap a broad base of expertise.
## Community science

Another interesting use case for open-source standards is community/citizen
science. An early example of this approach is OpenStreetMap
[https://www.openstreetmap.org](https://www.openstreetmap.org), which allows
users to contribute to the project development with code and data and freely
use the maps and other related geospatial datasets. But this example is not
unique. Overall, this approach has grown in the last 20 years and has been
adopted in many different fields. It has many benefits for both the research
field that harnesses the energy of non-scientist members of the community to
engage with scientific data, as well as to the community members themselves who
can draw both knowledge and pride in their participation in the scientific
endeavor. It is also recognized that unique broader benefits are accrued from
this mode of scientific research, through the inclusion of perspectives and
data that would not otherwise be included. To make data accessible to community
scientists, and to make the data collected by community scientists accessible
to professional scientists, it needs to be provided in a manner that can be
created and accessed without specialized instruments or specialized knowledge.
Here, standards are needed to facilitate interactions between an in-group of
expert researchers who generate and curate data and a broader set of out-group
enthusiasts who would like to make meaningful contributions to the science.
This creates a particularly stringent constraint on transparency and simplicity
of standards. Creating these standards in a manner that addresses these unique
constraints can benefit from OSS tools, with the caveat that some of these
tools require additional expertise. For example, if the standard is developed
using git/GitHub for versioning, this would require learning the complex and
obscure technical aspects of these system that are far from easy to adopt, even
for many professional scientists.
science. An early example of this approach is OpenStreetMap ([https://www.openstreetmap.org](https://www.openstreetmap.org)),
which allows users to contribute to the project development with code and data
and freely use the maps and other related geospatial datasets. But this example
is not unique. Overall, this approach has grown in the last 20 years and has
been adopted in many different fields. It has many benefits for both the
research field that harnesses the energy of non-scientist members of the
community to engage with scientific data, as well as to the community members
themselves who can draw both knowledge and pride in their participation in the
scientific endeavor. It is also recognized that unique broader benefits are
accrued from this mode of scientific research, through the inclusion of
perspectives and data that would not otherwise be included. To make data
accessible to community scientists, and to make the data collected by community
scientists accessible to professional scientists, it needs to be provided in a
manner that can be created and accessed without specialized instruments or
specialized knowledge. Here, standards are needed to facilitate interactions
between an in-group of expert researchers who generate and curate data and a
broader set of out-group enthusiasts who would like to make meaningful
contributions to the science. This creates a particularly stringent constraint
on transparency and simplicity of standards. Creating these standards in a
manner that addresses these unique constraints can benefit from OSS tools, with
the caveat that some of these tools require additional expertise. For example,
if the standard is developed using git/GitHub for versioning, this would
require learning the complex and obscure technical aspects of these system that
are far from easy to adopt, even for many professional scientists.


9 changes: 4 additions & 5 deletions sections/05-recommendations.qmd
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Expand Up @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ can rely. For example, it is now clear that governance principles and rules can
mitigate some of the risks and challenges mentioned in @sec-challenges,
especially for communities beyond a certain size that need to converge toward a
new standard or rely on an existing standard. Developers and maintainers should
review existing governance practices such as [The Open Source Way](https://www.theopensourceway.org/the_open_source_way-guidebook-2.0.html#_project_and_community_governance).
review existing governance practices such as those provided by The Open Source Way([https://www.theopensourceway.org/](https://www.theopensourceway.org/the_open_source_way-guidebook-2.0.html#_project_and_community_governance)).


### Foster meta-standards development
Expand All @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ its specific technological capabilities should be considered.
More generally, meta-standards could include formalization for versioning of
standards and interactions with specific related software. This includes
amplifying formalization/guidelines on how to create standards (for example,
metadata schema specifications using LinkML (https://linkml.io)). However,
metadata schema specifications using LinkML, [https://linkml.io](https://linkml.io)). However,
aspects of communication with potential user audiences (e.g., researchers in
particular domains) should be taken into account as well. For example, in the
quality of onboarding documentation and tools for ingestion or conversion into
Expand All @@ -59,9 +59,8 @@ meta-standards and high-level descriptions of the standards-development process
avoid known pitfalls, such as the dreaded proliferation of standards, or
complexity-impeded adoption. Surveying and documenting the success and failures
of current standards for a specific dataset / domain can help disseminate
knowledge about the standardization process. Resources such as
[Fairsharing](https://fairsharing.org/) or [Digital Curation Center](https://www.dcc.ac.uk/guidance/standards)
can help guide this process.
knowledge about the standardization process. Resources such as Fairsharing (
[https://fairsharing.org/](https://fairsharing.org/)) or the Digital Curation Center ([https://www.dcc.ac.uk/guidance/standards](https://www.dcc.ac.uk/guidance/standards)) can help guide this process.

### Develop standards in tandem with standards-associated software

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