Add CI workflow for testing documentation examples #3639

Job	Run time
copyright_check	6s
codespell	16s
examples_clang-format	6s
ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	20m 7s
macos-14_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	10m 23s
ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	17m 20s
python_module_test_ubuntu_latest	36s
macos-13_clang++_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	18m 58s
ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	14m 31s
windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	14m 40s
ubuntu-22.04_g++-11_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	17m 20s
windows_cl2019_cxx20_release_preview=ON-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF	20m 30s
windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	15m 54s
doc_examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	53s
examples_ubuntu-latest_g++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	3m 53s
examples_macos-15_clang++_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	3m 8s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++_cxx17_release_preview=ON	3m 47s
examples_ubuntu-20.04_g++-10_cxx20_debug_preview=ON	4m 45s
doc_examples_windows-2022_cl_cxx20_relwithdebinfo	1m 44s
examples_windows_cl2019_cxx14_relwithdebinfo_preview=ON	5m 30s
examples_windows_cl2022_cxx17_relwithdebinfo_preview=OFF	5m 42s
documentation	55s
pages	0s
	3h 1m 4s

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