Glossary and Vocabulary

** English Glossary **

1. Advanced Service Provision Strategy – An advanced service provision strategy is an outreach strategy to provide service provision 5-10 kilometers outside the health center.
2. Anticipation Stock – Anticipation stock is an additional amount of stock on top of the safety stock needed in anticipation for periods of increased need – i.e. floods during the rainy season when roads may be impassable.
3. Catchment Area – A catchment area is the surrounding geographic vicinity of a health service provision area (e.g. a health center or a community health worker) for which it is responsible for service provision.
4. Catchment Population – The catchment population is the population of the catchment area.
5. CCEM – The Cold Chain Equipment Management tool is a software package developed by PATH designed to help cold chain and immunization program managers strategically manage the national inventory of cold chain equipment to ensure efficient and effective vaccine delivery. It aims to track the cold-protocol in use in a stock room, refrigerators at health centers, and in portable units, and then model forecasting and budgeting.
6. Closed Package Wastage Rate – Closed package wastage rate is the percentage of drug doses that were not provided because of loss stock. This may be talked about in a way customized to the drug, e.g. closed vial wastage rate.
7. Cold Chain Capacity – The cold chain capacity refers to the maximum number of drugs that can flow through a cold chain delivery system given the size of the cold storage used to safely store them during delivery and at the final destination.
8. Cold Protocols – Cold protocols are information gathered to understand the status and operability of cold chain equipment.
9. Country Administration Hierarchy – The country administration hierarchy refers to the levels of health delivery structure within a specific country (e.g. province, region, district)
10. Coverage Rate – The coverage rate is the percentage of the expected patient demand that receives service provision. The basic calculation is number of patients receiving the drug divided by the target group.
11. Delivery Stock Amount – Delivery stock amount is the amount of stock that field coordinators carry on drug distribution. This amount is equal to the sum of the health centers’ maximum stock within that delivery zone.
12. Delivery Vehicle – A delivery vehicle is used by one field coordinator for transport during drug distribution.
13. Delivery Zone – The delivery zone is the geographical area within a province where a field coordinator with a delivery truck is responsible for drug distribution. The delivery zone is anchored to the primary drug store.
14. Demographics – Demographics are target groups for specific drugs. For example, demographic groups for vaccines include pregnant women, women of fertile age, community, students, laborers, others, newborn, children under age 1.
15. District – The district is the lowest administrative level and generally the level below the province.
16. Dosage Count – Dosage count refers to the number of drug doses that one drug package contains.
17. Drug Distribution – Drug distribution is the process of moving the drugs from the primary drug store to the health service provision unit. VillageReach’s last mile logistics model employs the moving warehouse/delivery run process to accomplish this.
18. Drug Dose – A drug dose is the drug unit used for service provision to a patient (i.e. one pill, a regimen of 4 pills, or one vaccine dose).
19. Drug Package – Drug package refers to the receptacle that the drug is transported in (i.e. vial for vaccines, bottle for pills).
20. Drugs – Drugs are medicines used to protect from or treat a patient for a disease (i.e. vaccines, pills).
21. Equipment (at Health Center) – Equipment refers to any piece of equipment that aids or supports service provision at the health center.
22. Existing Stock (aka Available) – Existing stock is the stock level at the health center immediately prior to drug distribution.
23. Expected Drug Demand – Expected drug demand is the required amount of drugs needed to satisfy the expected patient demand.
24. Expected Patient Demand – Expected patient demand is the number of individuals from the catchment population that are expected to receive service provision. This number can be calculated by multiplying the target group times the target coverage percentage or by using the consumption amounts from a given time period.
25. Field Coordinator – A field coordinator is an individual responsible for drug distribution to the health centers within his/her delivery zone.
26. Fully Vaccinated – Fully vaccinated refers to the designation of a child having received the complete vaccination schedule.
27. Health Center – The Health Center is the health service provision unit. This is a VillageReach term to refer to general health service provision units. In different countries, these units may be divided into different levels and with different terms such as hospital, health unit, health post, and health point.
28. Maximum Stock – Maximum stock is the stock level required by a health center in order to satisfy the expected drug demand and unmet drug demand including safety stock. Safety stock for vaccines is generally an additional 25%.
29. Closed Package Lost Stock – Lost stock refer to the number of drug packages that were broken, spoiled, expired, or stolen before opening the packaging.
30. Medical Supplies – Supplies that are associated items necessary for the administration of drugs (i.e. vaccines need syringes, diluents, and safety boxes).
31. Mobile Service Provision Strategy – A mobile service provision strategy is an outreach strategy to provide service provision 10 or more kilometers outside the health center.
32. Moving Warehouse – A moving warehouse refers to the fully stocked delivery truck used during the moving warehouse/delivery run process which safely stores drugs during transport.
33. Moving Warehouse/Delivery Run Process – Moving warehouse/delivery run process refers to a field coordinator delivering drugs in large trucks – or “moving warehouses” - to health centers, checking existing stock level and re-stocking what is needed to return to ideal stock levels.
34. National – The highest administrative level within a country.
35. Open Package Shelf Life – Open package shelf life refers to the amount of time a drug is serviceable after its package has been opened.
36. Open Package Wastage Rate – Open package wastage rate is the percentage of drug doses that expired after its package was opened.
37. Opened Packages Count – Opened packages count refers to the amount of drug packages opened for the purpose of service provision.
38. Overstock – Overstock is a continued excess amount of stock at the health center over a given period of time. Revising the maximum stock amount considered at this point.
39. Pipeline Stock – Pipeline stock is stock that is in transit and has not arrived to the health center yet from the upper level of the supply chain.
40. Primary Store – The primary store is the anchor drug supply source for field coordinators to pick up their drug distribution amount. Primary stores can be found at the any administration level.
41. Province – A province second highest administrative level within a country. Some countries may have different words for this level, such as region or state.
42. Pull system (Requisition) – A pull system describes the process when each lower-level facility controls the flow of products through the supply chain by ordering the quantity needed (i.e. demand-driven; systems like this utilize inventory tracking systems).
43. Push system (Allocation) – A push system describes the process when the highest administrative level decides what products/supplies to move through the supply chain, how many, and when and where to allocate them.
44. Real Drug Demand – Real drug demand is the expected drug demand plus the unmet drug demand.
45. Real Patient Demand – Real patient demand is the expected patient demand plus the unmet patient demand.
46. Regimen Step – A regimen step refers to the specific iteration of the service provision cycle required for certain drugs (e.g. when a child receives their second of 4 immunizations of polio that is the second step in the regimen)
47. Regimen – A regimen refers to the number of regimen steps required during a service provision cycle (e.g. the polio vaccination requires 4 vaccination steps in the regimen).
48. Routes or routing – Routes or routing refers to the physical transport route that a field coordinator takes for drug distribution.
49. Safety Boxes – Safety boxes are used to dispose of used vaccine syringes.
50. Safety Stock (aka Security or Buffer Stock) – Safety stock is the additional amount (standard 25% for vaccines) of stock of drugs and medical supplies a health center is advised to carry as a precaution to avoid stock outs and manage demand fluctuations.
51. Service Provision – Service provision is the process of administering or providing drugs to a patient (i.e. vaccinating, providing pills).
52. Service Provision Cycle – A service provision cycle refers to the process of a patient receiving each step of a drug’s regimen.
53. Shortage – Shortage refers to the number of people that needed service provision but couldn’t receive it because the health center had a stockout of that drug. Shortage identifies unmet patient demand and can be quantified.
54. Shortage vs. Stock Out – A stock out represents the instance when the stock level has fallen to zero which is either a yes or no. Shortage is the numerical value that represents the number of people that couldn’t receive service provision because of the stockout.
55. Stock Levels – Stock Levels are the quantity of drugs (vaccines, pills, ARVs) at the different stages in the supply chain.
56. Store– A store refers to the physical drug warehouse (both refrigerated and not) located at the different administration levels in the supply chain.
57. Stock Out – A stock out is the instance where a health center has a stock level of zero of a specific drug.
58. Syringe – A syringe is the medical device used for service provision of a vaccine or other inject able drug. Vaccines normally use auto-disable syringes.
59. Tally – the Health Worker makes a tally (or count) of the number of doses administered, with a separate tally by demographic group, gender, and age group.
60. Target Coverage Percentage – Target coverage percentage is a percentage goal of the target group that is aimed or believed to receive service provision.
61. Target Group – The target group is the total number of individuals within a catchment population that will require and/or are eligible for service provision.
62. Target Group Percentage – The target group percentage is a statistical percentage applied to the catchment population to calculate the expected patient demand.
63. Unmet Drug Demand – Unmet drug demand is the required amount of drugs needed to satisfy the unmet patient demand.
64. Unmet Patient demand – Unmet patient demand represents the number of individuals that could not receive service provision because of a drug stockout at the health center.

Logistics Concepts

• LMIS logistics management information system
• PO purchase order
• SO stock out
• SDP service delivery point

Statistical concepts:

• AMC average monthly consumption
• CYP couple-years of protection

Disease and Surveillance

• TB tuberculosis

Drugs and Treatments

• ART antiretroviral therapy
• ARV antiretroviral

From openLMIS and other sources (e.g. Supply Chain Manager user manual - JSI Deliver project)